Back to Book/course Clinical ECG Interpretation 0% Complete 0/0 Steps Introduction to ECG Interpretation 6 Chapters Cardiac electrophysiology and ECG interpretation Cardiac electrophysiology: action potential, automaticity and vectors The ECG leads: electrodes, limb leads, chest (precordial) leads, 12-Lead ECG (EKG) The Cabrera format of the 12-lead ECG & lead –aVR instead of aVR ECG interpretation: Characteristics of the normal ECG (P-wave, QRS complex, ST segment, T-wave) How to interpret the ECG / EKG: A systematic approach Arrhythmias and arrhythmology 24 Chapters Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re-entry (reentry) Aberrant ventricular conduction (aberrancy, aberration) Premature ventricular contractions (premature ventricular complex, premature ventricular beats) Premature atrial contraction (premature atrial beat / complex): ECG & clinical implications Sinus rhythm: physiology, ECG criteria & clinical implications Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia) Sinus bradycardia: definitions, ECG, causes and management Chronotropic incompetence (inability to increase heart rate) Sinoatrial arrest & sinoatrial pause (sinus pause / arrest) Sinoatrial block (SA block): ECG criteria, causes and clinical features Sinus node dysfunction (SND) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS) Sinus tachycardia & Inappropriate sinus tachycardia Atrial fibrillation: ECG, classification, causes, risk factors & management Atrial flutter: classification, causes, ECG diagnosis & management Ectopic atrial rhythm (EAT), atrial tachycardia (AT) & multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT): ECG features & management Pre-excitation, Atrioventricular Reentrant (Reentry) Tachycardia (AVRT), Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome Junctional rhythm (escape rhythm) and junctional tachycardia Ventricular rhythm and accelerated ventricular rhythm (idioventricular rhythm) Ventricular tachycardia (VT): ECG criteria, causes, classification, treatment Long QT (QTc) interval, long QT syndrome (LQTS) & torsades de pointes Ventricular fibrillation, pulseless electrical activity and sudden cardiac arrest Pacemaker mediated tachycardia (PMT): ECG and management Diagnosis and management of narrow and wide complex tachycardia Myocardial Ischemia & Infarction 22 Chapters Introduction to Coronary Artery Disease (Ischemic Heart Disease) & Use of ECG Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Clinical application of ECG in chest pain & acute myocardial infarction Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms Cardiac troponin I (TnI) and T (TnT): Interpretation and evaluation in acute coronary syndromes Myocardial Ischemia & infarction: Reactions, ECG Changes & Symptoms The left ventricle in myocardial ischemia and infarction Factors that modify the natural course in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) ECG in myocardial ischemia: ischemic changes in the ST segment & T-wave ST segment depression in myocardial ischemia and differential diagnoses ST segment elevation in acute myocardial ischemia and differential diagnoses ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) without ST elevations on 12-lead ECG T-waves in ischemia: hyperacute, inverted (negative), Wellen's sign & de Winter's sign ECG signs of myocardial infarction: pathological Q-waves & pathological R-waves Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction Supraventricular and intraventricular conduction defects in myocardial ischemia and infarction ECG localization of myocardial infarction / ischemia and coronary artery occlusion (culprit) The ECG in assessment of myocardial reperfusion Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG Stable Coronary Artery Disease (Angina Pectoris): Diagnosis, Evaluation, Management NSTEMI (Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction): diagnosis, criteria, ECG & management Conduction Defects 11 Chapters Overview of atrioventricular (AV) blocks First-degree AV block (AV block I, AV block 1) Second-degree AV block: Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach) & Mobitz type 2 block Third-degree AV block (3rd degree AV block, AV block 3, AV block III) Management and treatment of AV block (atrioventricular blocks) Intraventricular conduction delay: bundle branch blocks & fascicular blocks Right bundle branch block (RBBB): ECG, criteria, definitions, causes & treatment Left bundle branch block (LBBB): ECG criteria, causes, management Left bundle branch block (LBBB) in acute myocardial infarction: the Sgarbossa criteria Fascicular block (hemiblock): left anterior & left posterior fascicular block on ECG Nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay (defect) Cardiac Hypertrophy & Enlargement 5 Chapters Atrial and ventricular enlargement: hypertrophy and dilatation on ECG ECG in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH): criteria and implications Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH): ECG criteria & clinical characteristics Biventricular hypertrophy ECG and clinical characteristics Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG Drugs & Electrolyte Imbalance 3 Chapters Digoxin - ECG changes, arrhythmias, conduction defects & treatment ECG changes caused by antiarrhythmic drugs, beta blockers & calcium channel blockers ECG changes due to electrolyte imbalance (disorder) Genetics, Syndromes & Miscellaneous 7 Chapters ECG J wave syndromes: hypothermia, early repolarization, hypercalcemia & Brugada syndrome Brugada syndrome: ECG, clinical features and management Early repolarization pattern on ECG (early repolarization syndrome) Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome, stress induced cardiomyopathy) Pericarditis, myocarditis & perimyocarditis: ECG, criteria & treatment Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) Exercise Stress Testing (Exercise ECG) 6 Chapters Exercise stress test (treadmill test, exercise ECG): Introduction Indications, Contraindications, and Preparations for Exercise Stress Testing (exercise ECG) Exercise stress test (exercise ECG): protocols, evaluation & termination Exercise stress testing in special patient populations Exercise physiology: from normal response to myocardial ischemia & chest pain Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance Clinical ECG Interpretation Myocardial Ischemia & Infarction Section 3 of 8 In Progress ← Previous Next→ Myocardial Ischemia & Infarction Section Content 0% Complete 0/22 Steps Introduction to Coronary Artery Disease (Ischemic Heart Disease) & Use of ECG Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) Clinical application of ECG in chest pain & acute myocardial infarction Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms Cardiac troponin I (TnI) and T (TnT): Interpretation and evaluation in acute coronary syndromes Myocardial Ischemia & infarction: Reactions, ECG Changes & Symptoms The left ventricle in myocardial ischemia and infarction Factors that modify the natural course in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) ECG in myocardial ischemia: ischemic changes in the ST segment & T-wave ST segment depression in myocardial ischemia and differential diagnoses ST segment elevation in acute myocardial ischemia and differential diagnoses ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) without ST elevations on 12-lead ECG T-waves in ischemia: hyperacute, inverted (negative), Wellen’s sign & de Winter’s sign ECG signs of myocardial infarction: pathological Q-waves & pathological R-waves Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction Supraventricular and intraventricular conduction defects in myocardial ischemia and infarction ECG localization of myocardial infarction / ischemia and coronary artery occlusion (culprit) The ECG in assessment of myocardial reperfusion Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG Stable Coronary Artery Disease (Angina Pectoris): Diagnosis, Evaluation, Management
