Clinical ECG Interpretation – Cardiovascular Education

The ECG book is a comprehensive e-book, covering all aspects of clinical ECG interpretation, and will take you from cell to bedside.

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Introduction to ECG Interpretation 6 Chapters

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Cardiac electrophysiology and ECG interpretation

Cardiac electrophysiology: Action potential, automaticity and vectors

The ECG leads: Electrodes, limb leads, chest (precordial) leads and the 12-Lead ECG

The Cabrera format of the 12-lead ECG & lead –aVR instead of aVR

ECG interpretation: Characteristics of the normal ECG (P-wave, QRS complex, ST segment, T-wave)

How to interpret the ECG: A systematic approach

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology 24 Chapters

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Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re-entry (reentry)

Aberrant ventricular conduction (aberrancy, aberration)

Premature ventricular contractions (premature ventricular complex, premature ventricular beats)

Premature atrial contraction (premature atrial beat / complex): ECG & clinical implications

Sinus rhythm: physiology, ECG criteria & clinical implications

Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia)

Sinus bradycardia: definitions, ECG, causes and management

Chronotropic incompetence (inability to increase heart rate)

Sinoatrial arrest & sinoatrial pause (sinus pause / arrest)

Sinoatrial block (SA block): ECG criteria, causes and clinical features

Sinus node dysfunction (SND) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS)

Sinus tachycardia & Inappropriate sinus tachycardia

Atrial fibrillation: ECG, classification, causes, risk factors & management

Atrial flutter: classification, causes, ECG diagnosis & management

Ectopic atrial rhythm (EAT), atrial tachycardia (AT) & multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)

Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT): ECG features & management

Pre-excitation, Atrioventricular Reentrant (Reentry) Tachycardia (AVRT), Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome

Junctional rhythm (escape rhythm) and junctional tachycardia

Ventricular rhythm and accelerated ventricular rhythm (idioventricular rhythm)

Ventricular tachycardia (VT): ECG criteria, causes, classification, treatment

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Myocardial Ischemia & Infarction 22 Chapters

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Introduction to Coronary Artery Disease (Ischemic Heart Disease) & Use of ECG

Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

Clinical application of ECG in chest pain & acute myocardial infarction

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

Cardiac troponin I (TnI) and T (TnT): Interpretation and evaluation in acute coronary syndromes

Myocardial Ischemia & infarction: Reactions, ECG Changes & Symptoms

The left ventricle in myocardial ischemia and infarction

Factors that modify the natural course in acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

ECG in myocardial ischemia: ischemic changes in the ST segment & T-wave

ST segment depression in myocardial ischemia and differential diagnoses

ST segment elevation in acute myocardial ischemia and differential diagnoses

ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) without ST elevations on 12-lead ECG

T-waves in ischemia: hyperacute, inverted (negative), Wellen’s sign & de Winter’s sign

ECG signs of myocardial infarction: pathological Q-waves & pathological R-waves

Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction

Supraventricular and intraventricular conduction defects in myocardial ischemia and infarction

ECG localization of myocardial infarction / ischemia and coronary artery occlusion (culprit)

The ECG in assessment of myocardial reperfusion

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

Stable Coronary Artery Disease (Angina Pectoris): Diagnosis, Evaluation, Management

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Conduction Defects 11 Chapters

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Overview of atrioventricular (AV) blocks

First-degree AV block (AV block I, AV block 1)

Second-degree AV block: Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach) & Mobitz type 2 block

Third-degree AV block (3rd degree AV block, AV block 3, AV block III)

Management and treatment of AV block (atrioventricular blocks)

Intraventricular conduction delay: bundle branch blocks & fascicular blocks

Right bundle branch block (RBBB): ECG, criteria, definitions, causes & treatment

Left bundle branch block (LBBB): ECG criteria, causes, management

Left bundle branch block (LBBB) in acute myocardial infarction: the Sgarbossa criteria

Fascicular block (hemiblock): Left anterior & left posterior fascicular block

Nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay (defect)

Cardiac Hypertrophy & Enlargement 5 Chapters

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Atrial and ventricular enlargement: hypertrophy and dilatation on ECG

ECG in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH): criteria and implications

Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH): ECG criteria & clinical characteristics

Biventricular hypertrophy ECG and clinical characteristics

Left atrial enlargement (P mitrale) & right atrial enlargement (P pulmonale) on ECG

Drugs & Electrolyte Imbalance 3 Chapters

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Digoxin – ECG changes, arrhythmias, conduction defects & treatment

ECG changes caused by antiarrhythmic drugs, beta blockers & calcium channel blockers

ECG changes due to electrolyte imbalance (disorder)

Genetics, Syndromes & Miscellaneous 7 Chapters

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ECG J wave syndromes: hypothermia, early repolarization, hypercalcemia & Brugada syndrome

Brugada syndrome: ECG, clinical features and management

Early repolarization pattern on ECG (early repolarization syndrome)

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome, stress induced cardiomyopathy)

Pericarditis, myocarditis & perimyocarditis: ECG, criteria & treatment

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

Long QT Syndrome (LQTS)

Exercise Stress Testing (Exercise ECG) 6 Chapters

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Introduction to exercise stress testing (treadmill test, exercise ECG)

Indications, Contraindications, and Preparations for Exercise Stress Testing

Exercise stress test (exercise ECG): protocols, evaluation & termination

Exercise stress testing in special patient populations

Exercise physiology: from normal response to myocardial ischemia & chest pain

Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance