…progression of peripheral arterial disease, cardiac or aortic embolisation, acute aortic dissection, thrombosis of a graft or aneurysm, popliteal artery entrapment, trauma, phlegmasia cerulea dolens…

…from a fresh blister (routine), one from perilesional skin (immunofluorescence) The immunofluorescence biopsy goes into Michel's medium, not formalin Suspected vasculitis 4 mm punch…

…10 s 1 1 mm Molluscum contagiosum 3–5 s 1 1 mm Skin tag 3–5 s 1 — The freeze time is counted from…

…airway, breathing or circulation. Skin symptoms may be absent, and circulatory shock does not have to be present for the condition to be serious [1]…

…comes after the injury, not before — and that an edge or a fold presses on a bony prominence until the skin breaks down. An acute…

…and ECG electrodes . An electrode is a conductive pad that is attached to the skin and enables the recording of electrical currents. An ECG lead…

…soft tissue infection, a child who cannot tolerate the procedure while awake. Suspected necrotising fasciitis — pain that is disproportionately severe, a rapid course, skin discolouration…

…at the end of expiration, with the tape horizontal and without compressing the skin. Ratios and other measurements Measurement Calculation Threshold : : : Waist–hip ratio Waist…

…low platelet counts, followed by compression. Infection in the skin overlying the puncture site. Previous pelvic irradiation on the intended side (yields fibrotic, unrepresentative marrow…

…skin prick testing, a local anaesthetic weal, BCG Slow, local effect Contraindications Absolute: Infection, a wound, scar tissue, a tattoo or skin disease at the…

…disease. Contraindications Infection of the skin or soft tissues over the puncture site — use another approach or refrain. Bacteraemia without suspicion of joint infection (relative…

…Variable, often deep Pain Moderate, relieved by elevation Severe, worse on elevation, better when dependent Often painless (neuropathy) Surrounding skin Hyperpigmentation, oedema, lipodermatosclerosis, eczema Pale…

…the threshold, but the threshold varies between regions. Infection of the skin over the puncture site. Marked haemodynamic instability — stabilise the patient first. CT before…

…and neck Fragile skin, poor healing Ear canal stenosis or exostoses Narrow and hard to reach Ongoing otitis externa Pain, spread of infection A small…

…coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia Relative Ongoing anticoagulant treatment — plan the aspiration for the trough level or pause the drug according to local practice Relative Skin infection…

…finger, patella, jaw or hip prosthesis. A dislocation with neurovascular compromise or skin tenting — reduce promptly, before radiography. The longer a joint remains dislocated, the…

…a sufficient effect. Contraindications Absolute: Cellulitis, a skin wound or other infection over the injection site. Bacteraemia or suspected septic bursitis or arthritis. A joint…

…angioedema, or urticaria with NSAIDs). Alcohol consumption may increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Serious skin reactions (e.g., Stevens Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis…

…including the liver, lung, fat, and skin, with myocardial concentrations reaching 10 to 50 times those found in plasma. Plasma clearance is low, renal excretion…

…As a result, the electrical currents produced by the myocardium are transmitted through the body to the skin, where they can be detected using electrodes…

…The pacemaker is commonly implanted under the clavicle, between the skin and the pectorialis major. The pulse generator has a shell of titanium which is…

…wall movements Chest percussion Lung auscultation Pulse oximetry ( 95%) C Circulation Skin color Sweating Capillary refill time (<2 s) Palpate pulse Heart auscultation Blood pressure…

…with syncope Implantable loop recorder Contraindications None. Practical obstacles are skin disease or allergy to the electrode gel, and marked body hair that cannot be…

…on the upper arm. Locate the brachial signal in the antecubital fossa with the Doppler probe at 45–60° to the skin. Inflate to 20…

…aortic balloon pump. Assessment of stroke volume variation as part of fluid management. Contraindications Infection, burn or trauma over the insertion site. Insufficient collateral circulation…

…make sure that never happens, and to make sure the catheter does not become the patient's next focus of infection. Indications Infusion of vesicant…

…100 mg × 1 5–7 days Epiglottitis and other severe upper airway infection cefotaxime 1–2 g × 3 IV Depends on the diagnosis Always assess…

…in the report. Shaving and careful skin preparation at the electrode sites — movement artefact ruins an exercise test more often than anything else. Record a…

…The nail folds are the skin folds proximal and lateral to the plate, and the cuticle is the flap of skin that extends from the…

…Lathundar Key message Fever in a neutropenic patient is an emergency. Infection can progress rapidly, while the typical local signs of inflammation may be faint…

…mg/mL, 5–10 mL, 25 G for the skin wheal and 21 G for the deeper layers. Diagnostic tap: 21–22 G needle, 20…

…the site where the rim of fluid is widest and lies most superficially, where the distance from the skin is shortest, and where no liver…

…skin, smell, injection marks, medication patches and trauma. Remove contaminated clothing and wash the skin after external exposure A low Glasgow Coma Scale is not…

…wait for complete diagnostic certainty. Sepsis is defined as life threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Clinically this usually corresponds…

…pacing: the relative contraindications are the same as for a central venous catheter — coagulopathy, infection at the puncture site, known thrombosis in the target vein…

…will heal badly however neatly the suture is placed. The commonest cause of wound infection is retained contamination, not poor suture technique — and the commonest…

…recommended for medical professionals. Evaluation of skin color is not necessary to confirm cardiac arrest. Skin color is pale or cyanotic, but this may be…

…attire possibly contaminated with the toxicant. Irrigate skin and eyes using saline solution (NaCl) if suspected of toxin exposure. Gastrointestinal lavage is infrequently employed due…

…In addition to the gel, it is important to apply some pressure when holding the transducer against the skin. Patients with extensive subcutaneous fat require…

…marker is moved to a new position. Slide : The transducer moves across the patient’s skin to a new position. Rock : Within the same imaging…

…in pulses. Each pulse consists of a few sound waves emitted in 1 to 2 milliseconds. These sound waves travel through the skin, chest, pericardium…