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Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…progression of peripheral arterial disease, cardiac or aortic embolisation, acute aortic dissection, thrombosis of a graft or aneurysm, popliteal artery entrapment, trauma, phlegmasia cerulea dolens…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…from a fresh blister (routine), one from perilesional skin (immunofluorescence) The immunofluorescence biopsy goes into Michel's medium, not formalin Suspected vasculitis 4 mm punch…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…10 s 1 1 mm Molluscum contagiosum 3–5 s 1 1 mm Skin tag 3–5 s 1 — The freeze time is counted from…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…airway, breathing or circulation. Skin symptoms may be absent, and circulatory shock does not have to be present for the condition to be serious [1]…

Casting and immobilisation

…comes after the injury, not before — and that an edge or a fold presses on a bony prominence until the skin breaks down. An acute…

The ECG leads: Electrodes, limb leads, chest (precordial) leads and the 12-Lead ECG

…and ECG electrodes . An electrode is a conductive pad that is attached to the skin and enables the recording of electrical currents. An ECG lead…

Abscess incision and drainage

…soft tissue infection, a child who cannot tolerate the procedure while awake. Suspected necrotising fasciitis — pain that is disproportionately severe, a rapid course, skin discolouration…

Anthropometric measurements

…at the end of expiration, with the tape horizontal and without compressing the skin. Ratios and other measurements Measurement Calculation Threshold : : : Waist–hip ratio Waist…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…low platelet counts, followed by compression. Infection in the skin overlying the puncture site. Previous pelvic irradiation on the intended side (yields fibrotic, unrepresentative marrow…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…skin prick testing, a local anaesthetic weal, BCG Slow, local effect Contraindications Absolute: Infection, a wound, scar tissue, a tattoo or skin disease at the…

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