…auto injector and written instructions. Patients taking beta blockers may respond poorly to adrenaline. If there is no response, give glucagon 1–5 mg IV…

…injections. Preparation and equipment Chlorhexidine in alcohol, an iodine solution or isopropyl alcohol. A depot glucocorticoid: triamcinolone hexacetonide (Lederspan 20 mg/mL) or methylprednisolone acetate…

…3. Take the baseline sample : cortisol and plasma ACTH. The ACTH sample is taken before the injection and handled chilled. 4. Inject 0.25 mg…

…and dose Risk of HPA suppression Tapering : : : < 3 weeks, at any dose Low Can be stopped straight away 3 weeks, prednisolone < 5 mg…

…that distorts the anatomy and tempts the operator to inject too high. 2. Palpate the acromion . The injection site lies 2–3 fingerbreadths (about 5…

…Dose Bolus injection : 5 to 15 mg every 5 to 15 minutes as necessary. Continuous infusion: Start infusion at 0.1 mg/min and increase…

…coronary arterial tree after selective intracoronary contrast injection under fluoroscopy. The procedure is performed by advancing guidewires and diagnostic catheters from a percutaneous arterial access…

…the result and inject later. Preparation and equipment Chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL: clean with 3–4 swabs in wide circles and let it…

…0.1 mg/24hrs). • Catapress TTS 2 (0.2 mg/24hrs) • Catapress TTS 3 (0.3 mg/24hrs) Dosage in renal failure and renal replacement…

…Injection of contrast media into the ventricle will instead reveal that the apical portion of the left ventricle is dilated (hence the term apical ballooning…

…monitoring and insert a venous cannula. 2. Document the baseline status of the chosen finding — measurement, photograph or video. 3. Give atropine 0.5 mg…

…from the dorsal aspect, one injection medial and one lateral to the base of the phalanx, 2–3 mL on each side, with the needle…

…with sodium chloride) before intravenous titration. Half of all opioid dosing errors arise at the dilution step, and an undiluted syringe of 10 mg/mL…

…sequence induction is used when intubation is required [1]. In salicylate poisoning, intubation with an inadequate minute ventilation can rapidly worsen the acidaemia and increase…

…initial dose should be reduced to 3 mg. Heart transplant patients: Due to denervation, which makes the sinus and AV nodes supersensitive to the drug…

…prolapse, and strut coverage. OCT has limited tissue penetration, generally approximately 1–3 mm, and may not show the EEM through substantial plaque or calcium…

…0.1 mg/kg Second dose: Increase the dose by 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg. Maximum single dose: 0.3 mg/kg Body…

…must be started immediately. The risk of circulatory collapse is highest with AV block 2 Mobitz type 2 and AV block 3. The only treatment…

…of infection on the flap is called vegetation. As a rule, some kind of damage to native (own) valves is required to become vulnerable and…

…outcome in sepsis and in several studies of neutropenic patients. In septic shock, or where sepsis is highly likely, antibiotics must be given immediately [3]…

…water or sodium chloride 9 mg/mL. The volume matters more than the fluid; irrigate under pressure through a 20 mL syringe and a large…

…of consciousness and circulation. 2. Give controlled oxygen with a target of 88 to 92 percent until the risk of hypercapnia has been assessed. 3…

…early , preferably before or at the same time as carbohydrate administration. 3. Rapid identification of seizures, delirium tremens, infection, trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring…

…Sterile preparation with chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL, sterile drape, sterile gloves, mask and cap. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL for local anaesthesia in the…

…consent, current full blood count and coagulation screen, medication list. Chlorhexidine in alcohol, sterile gloves, fenestrated drape, sterile gauze. Local anaesthetic: lidocaine 10 mg/mL…

…the most stable dressing, lowest risk of infection and thrombosis with prolonged dwell time Highest risk of pneumothorax, the vessel cannot be compressed after arterial…

…Electrolytes and renal function See the renal parameters for the eGFR stages and albuminuria. Inflammation and infection Test Reference Comment : : : CRP < 3 mg/L…

…3 and 4 as back up, always with the light checked. Tubes in three sizes, a stylet or bougie taken out and shaped before induction…

…Sampling for a suspected sexually transmitted infection — although chlamydia and gonorrhoea can be tested on urine or a self taken vaginal sample without a speculum…

…neuroborreliosis, neurosyphilis or another CNS infection. Suspected inflammatory disease: multiple sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis. Meningeal carcinomatosis and CNS involvement in haematological malignancy. Investigation…

…2. Straighten the ear canal : pull the pinna upwards and backwards in adults, downwards and backwards in small children. 3. Rest your hand against the…

…a tourniquet, chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL, gauze, a transparent dressing, an extension set with a three way tap, and saline for flushing. An…

…L before drain insertion, while diagnostic aspiration with a fine needle is tolerated at considerably worse values. Follow the local protocol. Preparation and equipment Ultrasound…

…0 to 15 min Ringer's acetate for hypotension or hypoperfusion, usually 500 mL as a rapid bolus, and a smaller bolus where the risk…

…respiratory infection with a risk of transmission Until symptom free Haemoptysis of unclear cause Until investigated Relative obstacles also include dementia, marked hearing loss and…

…infusion rate 25 mg/hour. Adverse effects Tachycardia. Flushing. Headache. Angina pectoris. Caution Heart failure. Angina pectoris (ischemic heart disease). Hydralazine doses and administration in…

…intravenous bolus injections or as a constant dose infusion. Bolus regime : • 20 mg IV bolus over 2 minutes, followed by 20 to 80 mg every…

…healthy individuals. Infections and the risk of acute coronary syndromes It is known that the risk of developing acute coronary syndromes increases during infections, including…

…48 hours after exposure, with a peak at approximately 3–5 days and resolution within about 1 week in the usual course. Severe AKI requiring…

…an important practical distinction from therapies requiring monthly or biweekly injections. Inclisiran is used as an adjunct to dietary measures and maximally tolerated statin therapy…

…anaesthetic. Place a field block in healthy skin around the abscess instead of injecting into it, and expect the procedure to hurt even so. Offer…

…alteplase and is simpler to administer, since the whole dose is given as a bolus [1,2]. In a meta analysis of three phase 3…

…tract infection. At an eGFR <30 mL/min the antibacterial effect is lost. Dosed independently of renal function Doxycycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin and fusidic…

…Board of Health and Welfare, checked after the decision to withdraw treatment has been documented. 2. A donor card and written expressions of intent. 3…

…200 mg × 1 on day 1, then 100 mg × 1 5–7 days Epiglottitis and other severe upper airway infection cefotaxime 1–2 g × 3…

…epithelium. 3. An embedded body: the patient is positioned at the slit lamp with the forehead against the band and the chin in the rest…

…In impaired consciousness or DKA: remove the pump and change to an infusion or injections Drugs for type 2 diabetes in inpatients Agent The acutely…

…3. Palpate the pulses and measure the ankle brachial index with Doppler. 4. Culture only in the presence of clinical signs of infection — all chronic…

…unit and which reference system your own laboratory uses before applying it. The D dimer is raised in pregnancy, malignancy, infection, surgery, trauma and old…

…toes, nose and ears), a 27 G needle, a 2–5 mL syringe. Punches of 2, 3, 4 and 6 mm. A size 15 scalpel…

…of 3 mg . Doses below 0.5 mg can paradoxically worsen the bradycardia and must be avoided. Atropine acts on the sinus node and the…

…up and investigation of the cause of increased flow are appropriate. Exercise PH is defined by an mPAP/cardiac output slope greater than 3 mmHg…

…infection or other circumstances that may affect cessation or treatment monitoring. Single question screening can identify unhealthy drug use requiring counselling regarding cardiovascular effects and…

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Statins inhibit 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Reduced hepatic cholesterol…

…Measure the depth of insertion by laying the tube from the tip of the nose to the earlobe and from there to the xiphoid process…

…reaches hospital early. The benefit of both methods falls steeply with the time since ingestion, and both can harm the patient through aspiration. Contact your…

…over the insertion site Change the puncture site Preparation and equipment Ultrasound with a curved array probe. Sterile preparation (chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL…

…over devices that require post completion processing. If symptoms remain elusive and extended monitoring exceeding 3 weeks is necessary, an implantable loop recorder is essential…

…enzyme induction by alcohol or drugs and is often of no clinical significance. Synthetic function and prognosis Child–Pugh Parameter 1 point 2 points 3…

…syndromes and recent myocardial infarction COLCOT The COLCOT trial enrolled 4745 patients within 30 days of myocardial infarction. Participants received colchicine 0.5 mg once…