…progression of peripheral arterial disease, cardiac or aortic embolisation, acute aortic dissection, thrombosis of a graft or aneurysm, popliteal artery entrapment, trauma, phlegmasia cerulea dolens…

…from a fresh blister (routine), one from perilesional skin (immunofluorescence) The immunofluorescence biopsy goes into Michel's medium, not formalin Suspected vasculitis 4 mm punch…

…10 s 1 1 mm Molluscum contagiosum 3–5 s 1 1 mm Skin tag 3–5 s 1 — The freeze time is counted from…

…airway, breathing or circulation. Skin symptoms may be absent, and circulatory shock does not have to be present for the condition to be serious [1]…

…comes after the injury, not before — and that an edge or a fold presses on a bony prominence until the skin breaks down. An acute…

…and ECG electrodes . An electrode is a conductive pad that is attached to the skin and enables the recording of electrical currents. An ECG lead…

…perianally. Indications Fluctuant, tender, erythematous and indurated swelling in the skin or subcutis. Pilonidal abscess, hidradenitis abscess and paronychia with a collection of pus. Persistent…

…at the end of expiration, with the tape horizontal and without compressing the skin. Ratios and other measurements Measurement Calculation Threshold : : : Waist–hip ratio Waist…

…low platelet counts, followed by compression. Infection in the skin overlying the puncture site. Previous pelvic irradiation on the intended side (yields fibrotic, unrepresentative marrow…

…An alcohol or chlorhexidine swab. Let the skin dry completely before inserting the needle — alcohol carried in with the needle stings. Needles of the correct…

…osteoarthritis related joint disease. Contraindications Infection of the skin or soft tissues over the puncture site — use another approach or refrain. Bacteraemia without suspicion of…

…Variable, often deep Pain Moderate, relieved by elevation Severe, worse on elevation, better when dependent Often painless (neuropathy) Surrounding skin Hyperpigmentation, oedema, lipodermatosclerosis, eczema Pale…

…the threshold, but the threshold varies between regions. Infection of the skin over the puncture site. Marked haemodynamic instability — stabilise the patient first. CT before…

…Diabetes, immunosuppression A risk of necrotising otitis externa Anticoagulant treatment Bleeding into the ear canal Previous radiotherapy to the head and neck Fragile skin, poor…

…aspiration: a new pleural effusion of unclear cause. An effusion not confidently explained by heart failure must be aspirated. Suspected empyema or complicated parapneumonic effusion…

…finger, patella, jaw or hip prosthesis. A dislocation with neurovascular compromise or skin tenting — reduce promptly, before radiography. The longer a joint remains dislocated, the…

…a sufficient effect. Contraindications Absolute: Cellulitis, a skin wound or other infection over the injection site. Bacteraemia or suspected septic bursitis or arthritis. A joint…

…Active gastric or duodenal ulcers. Liver cirrhosis. Severe heart failure. Doses 100 mg/day during the third trimester of pregnancy. Dosage Acute myocardial infarction: Initial…

…including the liver, lung, fat, and skin, with myocardial concentrations reaching 10 to 50 times those found in plasma. Plasma clearance is low, renal excretion…

…As a result, the electrical currents produced by the myocardium are transmitted through the body to the skin, where they can be detected using electrodes…

…The pacemaker is commonly implanted under the clavicle, between the skin and the pectorialis major. The pulse generator has a shell of titanium which is…

…AVPU: Alert Voice responsive Pain responsive Unresponsive Limb movements Pupillary light reflexes Blood glucose E Exposure Identify signs of heart failure, hypoperfusion (assess skin temperature…

…but organ damage or high risk. Treatment resistant hypertension. Suspected nocturnal hypertension or absent nocturnal dipping (diabetes, renal failure, sleep apnoea). Suspected hypotension: dizziness, syncope…

…on the upper arm. Locate the brachial signal in the antecubital fossa with the Doppler probe at 45–60° to the skin. Inflate to 20…

…Disinfect and allow to air dry. 2. Anaesthetise the skin with a small amount of lidocaine without adrenaline (epinephrine). 3. Puncture 1–2 cm proximal…

…probe, a sterile probe cover and sterile gel. Chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL for skin disinfection. Allow it to air dry completely before puncture…

…Skin and soft tissue Diagnosis Agent Dose Duration : : : : Erysipelas phenoxymethylpenicillin 1 g × 3 (2 g × 3 if weight 90 kg) 10 days or benzylpenicillin 1…

…ongoing unstable angina. Uncontrolled symptomatic arrhythmia. Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis. Decompensated heart failure. Acute pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. Acute myocarditis, pericarditis or endocarditis…

…The nail folds are the skin folds proximal and lateral to the plate, and the cuticle is the flap of skin that extends from the…

…haematological malignancy, stem cell transplantation, immunosuppressive drugs, radiotherapy, bone marrow failure and certain targeted cancer treatments. Fever is not obligatory Hypothermia, new confusion, tachypnoea, hypotension…

…often lacks abdominal pain and peritonism and instead presents as encephalopathy, renal failure or simply deterioration. The procedure itself is straightforward: ultrasound to find the…

…the site where the rim of fluid is widest and lies most superficially, where the distance from the skin is shortest, and where no liver…

…a threatened airway, a marked risk of aspiration, or failure that is not rapidly reversed by an antidote B Respiratory rate, saturation, chest movement and…

…hypotension is marked. Do not wait for a central venous catheter Continuously Reassess the mental state, capillary refill, skin temperature, urine output, respiration, chest findings…

…impaired consciousness, heart failure, myocardial ischaemia or syncope — that has not responded to atropine: Complete heart block (third degree AV block) and second degree AV…

…through a 20 mL syringe and a large bore needle. Chlorhexidine in alcohol to the skin around the wound — not into the wound. Sterile gloves…

…recommended for medical professionals. Evaluation of skin color is not necessary to confirm cardiac arrest. Skin color is pale or cyanotic, but this may be…

…attire possibly contaminated with the toxicant. Irrigate skin and eyes using saline solution (NaCl) if suspected of toxin exposure. Gastrointestinal lavage is infrequently employed due…

…In addition to the gel, it is important to apply some pressure when holding the transducer against the skin. Patients with extensive subcutaneous fat require…

…For example, left ventricular size, measured as its inner diameter, is strongly related to heart failure, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and overall mortality. Ventricular dimensions are measured…

…in pulses. Each pulse consists of a few sound waves emitted in 1 to 2 milliseconds. These sound waves travel through the skin, chest, pericardium…