Procedurer For many patients a gynaecological examination is associated with a sense of exposure, and technically correct performance is only half the task. The examination…

…Conduction disease and the need for pacemaker therapy may be more frequent in T2DM, although management follows the same principles as in patients without diabetes…

…et al 1 ). Representative single beat morphs for a low risk patient (blue) and the corresponding high risk morph (red). Beyond the difference in R…

…patient — the device senses the rhythm through the cable, not through the pads. A pulse oximeter, a blood pressure cuff, and an arterial line for…

…confirmation and antibody screening. If the screen is negative, a unit is selected electronically against the blood group Standard for planned transfusion in a patient…

…marrow — choose the other side). A patient who cannot lie still — plan for sedation rather than abandoning the procedure. Choice of site The posterior superior…

…also a common tachyarrhythmia requiring treatment in decompensated heart failure (DHF). In the critically ill patient, AF may be pre existing, newly detected for the…

…by some patient populations. The sensitivity, specificity, risks, and results of the exercise test may be affected by patient characteristics. For example, exercising patients with…

…Assessment and action : : A Assess the airway, the pharyngeal reflexes, vomiting and secretions. Suction and give oxygen as needed. Intubate for a threatened airway, a…

…sufficient for a treatment decision. Systemic thrombolysis is the first line treatment in high risk embolism, unless there is an absolute contraindication. The agent and…

…tightened the former 48 hour rule for patients with risk factors. Check what applies in your own region. The time limit is not a guarantee…

…Some Swedish and local care programmes use 38.5 degrees instead. Follow the local definition where one exists, but a neutropenic patient who is clinically…

…Every patient admitted with ascites should undergo a diagnostic paracentesis , because spontaneous bacterial peritonitis often lacks abdominal pain and peritonism and instead presents as encephalopathy…

…the silent one. A patient who has become calm, quiet in the chest and stopped struggling may be about to stop breathing. Diminishing wheeze means…

…urine osmolality and urine sodium before treatment. 5. With severe symptoms: give hypertonic saline immediately. Do not wait for a complete work up of the…

…as it is safe to do so after the endoscopy. Fluid and monitoring Use a balanced crystalloid in the first instance. Give small boluses, for…

…and document it. 10. Elevate the limb and inform the patient. Backslab or circumferential cast A dorsal backslab or another half slab for a fresh…

Akutsjukvård Psykiatri Lathundar Delirium in older adults: quick reference A quick reference for ward and on call physicians: recognise hypoactive delirium, stabilise the patient, work…

…mobility, a cervical collar, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis MACOCHA is validated for the intensive care patient and totals 12 points: Mallampati III–IV (5 points)…

…has become less prominent as a primary diagnostic test for obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), because coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and functional imaging have…

…rather than MINOCA when identified as the final diagnosis. Reported prevalence varies according to the population and diagnostic criteria. MINOCA accounts for approximately 1–14…

…patient's prescription, if it is clinically reasonable Give oxygen if the patient is hypoxaemic. Oxygen is not a treatment for dyspnoea as such and…

…safely by first establishing the time course and precipitating circumstances , and then selecting a targeted examination. The patient's description of the quality of the…

…lymphoedema or a dialysis fistula in both arms, an arm circumference too large for the available cuffs, and in a patient who does not tolerate…

…recommendations 2025/2026 and are given for absolute eGFR in mL/min , not eGFR relative to 1.73 m². Recalculate in patients who are markedly…

…and an intravenous cannula for expanding the tampon. Topical tranexamic acid on a pledget or as a solution has a good effect in anterior bleeding…

…oxygen, suction and emergency drugs in the room. Staff with current CPR competence; a physician available. Patient preparation: A light meal is permitted; no large…

…measure in decontamination, and gastric lavage is today a rare procedure reserved for very serious poisonings in which the patient reaches hospital early. The benefit…

…subcutaneously in a patient with a high BMI, and that the deltoid injection is placed too high — which causes the shoulder injury known as SIRVA…

…Four numbered sample tubes, and a light protected tube if spectrophotometry is to be performed. Procedure 1. Position the patient correctly. The lateral position with…

…and evacuation; a fine, soft tube (Ch 8–12) of polyurethane or silicone for nutrition, since it causes less mucosal irritation with longer term use…

…as one: with an indication, a route of administration and a target range for the saturation . What usually goes wrong is not that the patient…

…status, the ASA class and the airway beforehand. Procedure Anterior shoulder dislocation The commonest of all dislocations. There is a hollow beneath the acromion, the…

…points — follow the local instructions, but where the response is equivocal both are valuable. 7. Observe the patient throughout the test and for 15 minutes

…the mouth as needed and place the patient in the recovery position when this is practicable. Give oxygen if hypoxaemic. Use a bag and mask…

…core temperature measurement and a target value that must never be exceeded, during the first 72 hours for as long as the patient remains unconscious…

…assessed as a potential interaction, and that there is a ready made plan for what happens when the INR runs away or the patient bleeds…

…outcomes in CCS. General strategy For most patients, initial therapy consists of a beta blocker and/or a calcium channel blocker (CCB). If symptoms remain…

…The specific voltage thresholds vary based on patient age, sex, and lead location, as detailed below [8, 10]: Patient Demographic Lead Group ST Elevation Threshold…

…In patients with a confirmed indication for treatment but blood pressure in the range of 120–139/70–89 mmHg, concomitant indications and overall cardiovascular…

…still harbor significant metabolic risk. 3 For patients with a BMI below 35 kg/m², direct assessments such as waist circumference, waist to hip ratio…

…identification of patients with very low likelihood of obstructive CAD and may reduce unnecessary diagnostic testing. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) provides additional information. A quantitative…

…with the patient’s clinical context and the results of all relevant investigations. Haemodynamic definition At rest, PH is defined invasively by a mean pulmonary…

…regarded as a discrete disease; rather, it is an indicator of increased cardiovascular risk and a setting in which secondary hypertension is relatively common. Patients…

…Epigastric or subxiphoid pain may be mistaken for indigestion. Associated manifestations include: Sweating Nausea and vomiting Anxiety A sense of impending doom When STEMI begins…

…although older patients also have more contraindications and a greater risk of bleeding and myocardial rupture. Late presentation For patients presenting more than 12 hours…

…2 to 24 hours After failed fibrinolysis Immediate rescue PCI The 120 minute limit is a ceiling for the choice between primary PCI and fibrinolysis…

…anuria for at least 12 hours Use whichever criterion gives the higher stage. A patient can thus be stage 3 by urine output despite a…

…of the strongest risk markers for a new complicated withdrawal. Benzodiazepines enhance the function of the GABA A receptor and are cross tolerant with alcohol…

…and where needed a photoplethysmograph and a toe cuff. Preparation: The patient must have rested lying down for at least 10 minutes in a room…

…A patient may therefore have both an acidosis and an alkalosis at the same time despite a normal pH. The lungs compensate for a primary…

…clean with a tracheostomy or copious secretions Subclavian vein Most comfortable for the patient, the most stable dressing, lowest risk of infection and thrombosis with…

…to years Marked A slow taper, often over months. Consider an ACTH test before stopping During and after the taper the patient must be informed…

… nasal masks and total face masks are alternatives in intolerance. A hydrocolloid dressing for the bridge of the nose applied before the mask goes on…

…death is carried out in a formally unimpeachable way, and that the donor's organs are maintained physiologically for as long as the assessment takes…

…mosm/kg Typical patient Often type 1 diabetes, but also occurs in type 2 diabetes Usually type 2 diabetes, older age and a longer symptomatic…

…of edrophonium intravenously as a test dose . Observe pulse, blood pressure and muscle strength for a few minutes. 5. If the patient tolerates the test…

…24 hours for patients with risk factors; cardioversion between 24 and 48 hours without ongoing anticoagulation is then reserved for patients with a CHA₂DS₂ VA…

…the patient to look down. Grasp the eyelashes, press gently downwards on the upper border of the tarsal plate with a cotton bud, and at…

…Immediately — pressure necrosis across the septum A live insect As soon as possible — kill it first; the patient is in great distress Organic material (peas…