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Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

Procedurer For many patients a gynaecological examination is associated with a sense of exposure, and technically correct performance is only half the task. The examination…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…Conduction disease and the need for pacemaker therapy may be more frequent in T2DM, although management follows the same principles as in patients without diabetes…

A new ECG biomarker for sudden cardiac death

…et al 1 ). Representative single beat morphs for a low risk patient (blue) and the corresponding high risk morph (red). Beyond the difference in R…

Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…patient — the device senses the rhythm through the cable, not through the pads. A pulse oximeter, a blood pressure cuff, and an arterial line for…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…confirmation and antibody screening. If the screen is negative, a unit is selected electronically against the blood group Standard for planned transfusion in a patient…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…marrow — choose the other side). A patient who cannot lie still — plan for sedation rather than abandoning the procedure. Choice of site The posterior superior…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…also a common tachyarrhythmia requiring treatment in decompensated heart failure (DHF). In the critically ill patient, AF may be pre existing, newly detected for the…

Exercise stress testing in special patient populations

…by some patient populations. The sensitivity, specificity, risks, and results of the exercise test may be affected by patient characteristics. For example, exercising patients with…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…Assessment and action : : A Assess the airway, the pharyngeal reflexes, vomiting and secretions. Suction and give oxygen as needed. Intubate for a threatened airway, a…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…sufficient for a treatment decision. Systemic thrombolysis is the first line treatment in high risk embolism, unless there is an absolute contraindication. The agent and…

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