…For vaccination: adrenaline 1 mg/mL, an antihistamine, oxygen, and the ability to lay the patient down. Injection Needle Angle Maximum volume per site : : : : Deltoid…

…pain relief is a diagnostic finding — and appears to reduce the risk of a post injection flare. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL without adrenaline is used…

…Addisonian crisis in progress: treat first, test later. Preparation and equipment Tetracosactide (Synacthen) 0.25 mg/mL, one ampoule. A peripheral venous cannula and a…

…to 2 minutes Duration of action 10 to 30 minutes Delivery IV Dose Bolus injection : 5 to 15 mg every 5 to 15 minutes as…

…and Clinical Role Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is a catheter based investigation that visualizes the coronary arterial tree after selective intracoronary contrast injection under fluoroscopy…

…infection or gastroenteritis at home Double or triple the oral daily dose during the days of illness (the patient's sick day rules) Vomiting or…

…with a large effusion, 5–10 mL for smaller joints. Local anaesthesia of the skin and subcutis where needed, lidocaine 10 mg/mL. Sample tubes:…

…Dose Injection IV: • 150 μg in 1 ml vial. Dilute with 10 ml of normal saline and give by slow injection over 5 10…

…Injection of contrast media into the ventricle will instead reveal that the apical portion of the left ventricle is dilated (hence the term apical ballooning…

…be secured. Preparation and equipment Edrophonium 10 mg/mL, 1 mL (named patient product — order well in advance). Atropine 0.5 mg for premedication, plus…

…an iodine solution. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL without adrenaline for the block (adrenaline is safe in fingers and toes according to modern data, but there…

…syringe of 10 mg/mL makes small adjustments impossible. Procedure Intravenous titration in acute severe pain Practical points during titration: Give the injection slowly over…

…skin, smell, injection marks, medication patches and trauma. Remove contaminated clothing and wash the skin after external exposure A low Glasgow Coma Scale is not…

…before the drug is eliminated. A flush should immediately follow the bolus injection to ensure rapid delivery to the central circulation. If the drug is…

…backscatter of the light signal. Imaging is therefore typically performed during contrast injection or another method of temporary blood displacement. OCT is particularly useful for…

…in the intensive care unit or coronary care unit. Adenosine injection must be administered quickly (1 2 seconds), followed immediately by a rapid saline flush …

…5 mg/h infusion Antidote to beta blockers. Calcium Counteracts calcium channel blockers (CCB). Antidote to CCBs. 10 ml calcium 0.2 mmol/ml iv…

…Infections are difficult to heal because the heart valves are not vascularized and therefore it is difficult for the immune system to reach the bacteria…

…infectious diseases physician early in a high risk course, in instability, with resistance problems, or with suspected fungal infection 10 Document the times of triag

…less bleeding Mepivacaine 10 mg/mL Rapid Somewhat longer than lidocaine A common alternative Bupivacaine 2.5 mg/mL Slow Long When prolonged analgesia is…

…normal variation and requires a change of treatment. Common precipitants are viral infection, bacterial infection and air pollution, but often no definite trigger can be…

…as carbohydrate administration. 3. Rapid identification of seizures, delirium tremens, infection, trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring at the appropriate level of care , with readiness…

…preparation with chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL, sterile drape, sterile gloves, mask and cap. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL for local anaesthesia in the awake…

…sterile gauze. Local anaesthetic: lidocaine 10 mg/mL, usually 5–10 mL, with a longer needle so that the periosteum can be infiltrated generously — it…

…sterile gown, sterile gloves and a large full body drape. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL for local anaesthesia, normal saline to flush all lumens, suture material…

…the eGFR stages and albuminuria. Inflammation and infection Test Reference Comment : : : CRP < 3 mg/L Rises within 6–8 h, half life about 19…

…work of breathing with impending exhaustion. Threatened airway obstruction: inhalation injury, anaphylaxis, deep neck infection, an expanding haematoma, facial trauma. An anticipated course requiring a…

…Sampling for a suspected sexually transmitted infection — although chlamydia and gonorrhoea can be tested on urine or a self taken vaginal sample without a speculum…

…too soft to pass through the skin on its own. Local anaesthesia: lidocaine 10 mg/mL, a millilitre or two intracutaneously and along the needle…

…spread of infection A small or uncooperative child Movement causes injury Preparation and equipment Otoscopy: an otoscope with a charged battery and clean disposable specula…

…or a 50 mL syringe with a three way tap — intraosseous flow requires pressure ; gravity is not enough. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL to anaesthetise the…

…fenestrated drape. Chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL. Local anaesthesia: lidocaine 10 mg/mL, 10–20 mL, a 25 G needle for the skin weal…

…wait for complete diagnostic certainty. Sepsis is defined as life threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Clinically this usually corresponds…

…aortic aneurysm 6 cm Relative — avoid forced manoeuvres An ongoing respiratory infection with a risk of transmission Until symptom free Haemoptysis of unclear cause Until…

…action 10 30 minutes. Duration of action <4 hours. Delivery IV or IM. Dose Injections • IV: 10–40 mg every 4–6 hours • IM: 10…

…bolus injections or as a constant dose infusion. Bolus regime : • 20 mg IV bolus over 2 minutes, followed by 20 to 80 mg every 10…

…in increased levels of circulating pro inflammatory cytokines that may cause plaque rupture (i.e the risk of atherosclerotic plaque rupture is increased during infections)…

…causally responsible. This distinction is important because AKI after a contrast study frequently occurs in patients with several simultaneous renal insults. Infection, hypovolaemia, cardiac dysfunction…

…inclisiran permits subcutaneous administration only twice yearly, an important practical distinction from therapies requiring monthly or biweekly injections. Inclisiran is used as an adjunct to…

…lidocaine 10 mg/mL with adrenaline (epinephrine). Syringe, 27 G and 21 G needles. Irrigation fluid (NaCl 9 mg/mL) and a 20 mL syringe…

…in properly selected patients. Tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg is a safe and effective alternative to alteplase and is simpler to administer, since the whole…

…patients with an eGFR of 30 40 mL/min for lower urinary tract infection. At an eGFR <30 mL/min the antibacterial effect is lost…

…individual assessment; certain tumour types are not a bar). Untreated generalised infection, or certain transmissible agents according to the current transmission risk assessment. In DCD…

…primary infection, low risk of recurrence vancomycin 125 mg × 4 PO 10 days Clostridioides difficile, high risk of recurrence fidaxomicin 200 mg × 2 PO 10…

…8. Tonometry if acute glaucoma is suspected (normal 10–21 mmHg). Tonometry is contraindicated with suspected perforation or infection. Removal Proceed from the least to…

…on the drug chart. Glucose targets on the ward Situation Target plasma glucose : : Most inpatients 6–10 mmol/L Frail older people, a short expected…

…Septic phlebitis, ongoing soft tissue infection with systemic involvement. Relative: Condition Adaptation : : ABI 0.5–0.79 Reduced compression (20–30 mmHg) under vascular surgical…

…must not be used to rule it out The age adjusted D dimer in patients over 50: the threshold becomes age × 10 micrograms/L (FEU)…

…or an iodine solution. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL with adrenaline 5 µg/mL (adrenaline gives a bloodless field and a longer duration; it is safe…

…pacing: the relative contraindications are the same as for a central venous catheter — coagulopathy, infection at the puncture site, known thrombosis in the target vein…

…heritable, drug associated, or associated with conditions such as systemic sclerosis, HIV infection, cirrhosis, and sickle cell disease. The classification also recognizes vasoreactivity subgroups among…

…schizoaffective disorder, HIV infection or other circumstances that may affect cessation or treatment monitoring. Single question screening can identify unhealthy drug use requiring counselling regarding…

…adverse event rates similar to those with placebo, whereas approximately 10% of patients in registries and routine clinical practice report muscle symptoms. This discrepancy reflects…

Procedurer The insertion itself is rarely the difficult part — it is the confirmation of the position that determines whether the tube is safe. A misplaced…

…in which the patient reaches hospital early. The benefit of both methods falls steeply with the time since ingestion, and both can harm the patient…

…over the insertion site Change the puncture site Preparation and equipment Ultrasound with a curved array probe. Sterile preparation (chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL)…

…varies widely and may involve intrinsic cardiac disease, extrinsic systemic conditions, or pharmacologic effects. Inflammatory heart disease, caused by infections (viral, bacterial, protozoal, fungal, parasitic)…

…A markedly raised GGT with the other tests normal is most often enzyme induction by alcohol or drugs and is often of no clinical significance…

…against interleukin 1β, provided proof of concept but was not developed for routine coronary prevention because of fatal infections and high cost. Low dose…

…heart disease is a complication of rheumatic fever, which is caused by streptococcal infections (group A Streptococcus ). Rheumatic heart disease can occur at any age…