…even rate, about 1 mL per 3–5 seconds. 7. Withdraw the needle at the same angle and press with a dry swab. Do not…

…subacromial and trochanteric injection; 25–27 G, 25 mm for the carpal tunnel, de Quervain's and trigger finger. Syringes of 3, 5 and 10…

…related rise in cortisol. 3. Take the baseline sample : cortisol and plasma ACTH. The ACTH sample is taken before the injection and handled chilled. 4…

…Dose Bolus injection : 5 to 15 mg every 5 to 15 minutes as necessary. Continuous infusion: Start infusion at 0.1 mg/min and increase…

…coronary arterial tree after selective intracoronary contrast injection under fluoroscopy. The procedure is performed by advancing guidewires and diagnostic catheters from a percutaneous arterial access…

…and an isotonic crystalloid. Exact doses according to the local protocol. Tapering after pharmacological treatment Duration and dose Risk of HPA suppression Tapering : : : < 3…

…Sterile gloves, sterile gauze, and a fenestrated drape for injection. A needle of 0.8–1.2 × 50 mm for large joints (knee, shoulder), 0…

…transdermal Dose Injection IV: • 150 μg in 1 ml vial. Dilute with 10 ml of normal saline and give by slow injection over 5…

…octopus trap). Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2. Figure 1. Echocardiogram showing takotsubo cardiomyopathy in acute phase (A) and resolution phase (B). Note the…

…the airway can be secured. Preparation and equipment Edrophonium 10 mg/mL, 1 mL (named patient product — order well in advance). Atropine 0.5 mg…

…from the dorsal aspect, one injection medial and one lateral to the base of the phalanx, 2–3 mL on each side, with the needle…

…1 drowsy but easily roused, 2 sedated but rousable, 3 deeply sedated and not rousable. Sedation precedes respiratory depression and is the early warning sign…

…sequence induction is used when intubation is required [1]. In salicylate poisoning, intubation with an inadequate minute ventilation can rapidly worsen the acidaemia and increase…

…the extracellular surface of cardiac cells. Through the guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins Gi and Go, adenosine activates potassium channels (IK.Ach, K.Ado) in a…

…prolapse, and strut coverage. OCT has limited tissue penetration, generally approximately 1–3 mm, and may not show the EEM through substantial plaque or calcium…

…in the intensive care unit or coronary care unit. Adenosine injection must be administered quickly (1 2 seconds), followed immediately by a rapid saline flush …

Conduction defects ECG Management and treatment of AV blocks (AV block 1, 2 & 3) Evaluation of patients with suspected AV blocks requires a thorough medical…

…high risk of infection. Approximately 20% of all endocarditis affect people with valve prostheses and among other cases 18% show significant valvular disease. Table 1…

…infection and organ dysfunction must therefore be managed as neutropenic sepsis even if the temperature criterion is not met. The first hour Step Action : : 1…

…The commonest cause of wound infection is retained contamination, not poor suture technique — and the commonest cause of permanent loss of function is a tendon…

…are viral infection, bacterial infection and air pollution, but often no definite trigger can be identified [1,2]. Ask specifically about: Onset and time course…

…early , preferably before or at the same time as carbohydrate administration. 3. Rapid identification of seizures, delirium tremens, infection, trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring…

…Disinfect and allow to air dry. 2. Anaesthetise the skin with a small amount of lidocaine without adrenaline (epinephrine). 3. Puncture 1–2 cm proximal…

…3. Clean the skin and apply the drape. Anaesthetise skin, subcutaneous tissue and then the periosteum at several points around the puncture site , and wait…

…happens, and to make sure the catheter does not become the patient's next focus of infection. Indications Infusion of vesicant solutions: vasopressors, concentrated potassium…

…HDL Women 1.3, men 1.0 mmol/L Triglycerides < 1.7 mmol/L 10 carries a risk of pancreatitis Cardiac markers and coagulation…

…3 and 4 as back up, always with the light checked. Tubes in three sizes, a stylet or bougie taken out and shaped before induction…

…Sampling for a suspected sexually transmitted infection — although chlamydia and gonorrhoea can be tested on urine or a self taken vaginal sample without a speculum…

…neuroborreliosis, neurosyphilis or another CNS infection. Suspected inflammatory disease: multiple sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis. Meningeal carcinomatosis and CNS involvement in haematological malignancy. Investigation…

…Irrigation 1. Confirm that the tympanic membrane is intact if it can be seen at all, and ask specifically about a previous perforation or grommets…

…blood gas and electrolytes can be interpreted, but some laboratories do not accept marrow blood in their analysers — check locally. Contraindications Peripheral venous cannula: Infection…

…between regions. Common practice is correction at an INR above 1.5 and a platelet count below 50 × 10⁹/L before drain insertion, while diagnostic…

…three hours. The evidence for an absolute one hour requirement is clearest in septic shock and less certain in sepsis without shock [3,4]. The…

…respiratory infection with a risk of transmission Until symptom free Haemoptysis of unclear cause Until investigated Relative obstacles also include dementia, marked hearing loss and…

…Dose Injections • IV: 10–40 mg every 4–6 hours • IM: 10–20 mg every 4–6 hours. Infusion • Afterload reduction : Start infusion at 1…

…Postoperative hypertension. Mechanism of action Combined beta adrenergic and alpha adrenergic blocker with rapid onset of action. Labetalol has less antihypertensive efficacy as compared with…

…societies. The number of confirmed cases is approaching one million and the number of deaths is 34,000 as of March 29, 2020 (Figure 1)…

…48 hours after exposure, with a peak at approximately 3–5 days and resolution within about 1 week in the usual course. Severe AKI requiring…

…an important practical distinction from therapies requiring monthly or biweekly injections. Inclisiran is used as an adjunct to dietary measures and maximally tolerated statin therapy…

…anaesthetic. Place a field block in healthy skin around the abscess instead of injecting into it, and expect the procedure to hurt even so. Offer…

…1. Activate the stroke call. 2. Establish the time of symptom onset or the time last known to be well. 3. Assess airway, breathing and…

…are taken from the Strama Stockholm recommendations 2025/2026 and are given for absolute eGFR in mL/min , not eGFR relative to 1.73 m²…

…donation. The person's wishes are established in this order: 1. The donation register held by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, checked…

…mg × 1 on day 1, then 100 mg × 1 5–7 days Epiglottitis and other severe upper airway infection cefotaxime 1–2 g × 3 IV…

…10–21 mmHg). Tonometry is contraindicated with suspected perforation or infection. Removal Proceed from the least to the most invasive technique. 1. Irrigate with sterile…

…In impaired consciousness or DKA: remove the pump and change to an infusion or injections Drugs for type 2 diabetes in inpatients Agent The acutely…

…3. Palpate the pulses and measure the ankle brachial index with Doppler. 4. Culture only in the presence of clinical signs of infection — all chronic…

…1 point each for age 80 years, cancer, chronic cardiac or pulmonary disease, a pulse ≥ 110/min, a systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg and…

…to find again, and it is too late to wonder where the biopsy was taken when the report arrives. Procedure Punch biopsy 1. Mark the…

… propofol is used in units with airway expertise. Procedure 1. Dry the skin and shave where necessary. Do not clip the hair — small cuts cause…

…up and investigation of the cause of increased flow are appropriate. Exercise PH is defined by an mPAP/cardiac output slope greater than 3 mmHg…

…infection or other circumstances that may affect cessation or treatment monitoring. Single question screening can identify unhealthy drug use requiring counselling regarding cardiovascular effects and…

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Statins inhibit 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Reduced hepatic cholesterol…

…neck directs the tube towards the larynx. Procedure 1. Inspect both nasal passages and choose the more patent one. Ask the patient about a previous…

…reaches hospital early. The benefit of both methods falls steeply with the time since ingestion, and both can harm the patient through aspiration. Contact your…

…empty bladder and is rarely used in large volume ascites. Diagnostic paracentesis 1. Scan the left lower quadrant. Confirm at least 2–3 cm of…

…over devices that require post completion processing. If symptoms remain elusive and extended monitoring exceeding 3 weeks is necessary, an implantable loop recorder is essential…

…enzyme induction by alcohol or drugs and is often of no clinical significance. Synthetic function and prognosis Child–Pugh Parameter 1 point 2 points 3…

…antibody directed against interleukin 1β, provided proof of concept but was not developed for routine coronary prevention because of fatal infections and high cost…

…the aortic and mitral valve). Rheumatic heart disease is rare in high income countries, presumably because streptococcal infections are treated very liberally. Figure 1 shows…