…For vaccination: adrenaline 1 mg/mL, an antihistamine, oxygen, and the ability to lay the patient down. Injection Needle Angle Maximum volume per site : : : : Deltoid…

…4–9 mL Trochanteric 20 mg (1 mL) 20–40 mg (0.5–1 mL) 4–6 mL Epicondylar 10–20 mg 20 mg 1…

…the test to be interpretable. Procedure 1. Schedule the test in the morning, preferably starting between 08:00 and 09:00 , with the patient fasting…

…Bolus injection : 5 to 15 mg every 5 to 15 minutes as necessary. Continuous infusion: Start infusion at 0.1 mg/min and increase in…

…and Clinical Role Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is a catheter based investigation that visualizes the coronary arterial tree after selective intracoronary contrast injection under fluoroscopy…

…illness. Confusing dexamethasone 0.75 mg with prednisolone 0.75 mg. A tenfold difference in effect. Giving the morning dose late in the day , which…

…and a fenestrated drape for injection. A needle of 0.8–1.2 × 50 mm for large joints (knee, shoulder), 0.5–0.6 × 25…

…Catapress TTS 1 (0.1 mg/24hrs). • Catapress TTS 2 (0.2 mg/24hrs) • Catapress TTS 3 (0.3 mg/24hrs) Dosage in renal failure…

…octopus trap). Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2. Figure 1. Echocardiogram showing takotsubo cardiomyopathy in acute phase (A) and resolution phase (B). Note the…

…10 mg/mL, 1 mL (named patient product — order well in advance). Atropine 0.5 mg for premedication, plus further atropine drawn up in a…

…a Freer elevator or small artery forceps, toothed surgical forceps. A size 11 scalpel. A chemical cautery agent: phenol 88 %, sodium hydroxide 10 % or silver…

…syringe of 10 mg/mL makes small adjustments impossible. Procedure Intravenous titration in acute severe pain Practical points during titration: Give the injection slowly over…

…failure that cannot be corrected quickly. Rapid sequence induction is used when intubation is required [1]. In salicylate poisoning, intubation with an inadequate minute ventilation…

…required in certain patient populations: Pediatric patients: For patients weighing less than 50 kg, the dosing should be 0.05 to 0.3 mg/kg…

…thrombus, and implanted stents. The principal modalities used in the catheterization laboratory are intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Unlike coronary angiography, which…

…is required in renal failure or renal replacement therapy. Pediatric patients Body weight < 50 kg: Initial dose: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg…

…A summary of the treatments is provided below. Figure 1. Management of acute bradycardia in the emergency setting. In the event of manifest or impending…

…of infection. Approximately 20% of all endocarditis affect people with valve prostheses and among other cases 18% show significant valvular disease. Table 1. Etiologies in…

…infection and organ dysfunction must therefore be managed as neutropenic sepsis even if the temperature criterion is not met. The first hour Step Action : : 1…

…9 mg/mL. The volume matters more than the fluid; irrigate under pressure through a 20 mL syringe and a large bore needle. Chlorhexidine in…

…change of treatment. Common precipitants are viral infection, bacterial infection and air pollution, but often no definite trigger can be identified [1,2]. Ask specifically…

…detoxification. Benzodiazepines reduce the severity of withdrawal and the risk of seizures and delirium [1,2]. In delirium tremens the aim should be a calm…

…pulsatile blood appears in the hub: lower the angle to close to the plane of the skin and advance a further 1–2 mm so…

…No. 11 scalpel for the skin incision, sterile dressings, pressure dressing. Procedure 1. Place the patient in the lateral position with the knees drawn up …

…probe, a sterile probe cover and sterile gel. Chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL for skin disinfection. Allow it to air dry completely before puncture…

…failure D dimer < 0.5 mg/L FEU Age adjusted threshold: age × 0.01 above 50 years INR 0.9–1.2 APTT 28…

…uncuffed tube age/4 + 4 tube size × 3 Term newborn 3.0–3.5 6 + weight in kg Always have one size smaller to hand…

…menstrual status, previous smear results and any previous conisation. Procedure Inspection The patient lies in the lithotomy position, well covered. Say what you are do

…neuroborreliosis, neurosyphilis or another CNS infection. Suspected inflammatory disease: multiple sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis. Meningeal carcinomatosis and CNS involvement in haematological malignancy. Investigation…

…slight change of pressure with the bulb shows whether the tympanic membrane is mobile — an immobile membrane suggests fluid in the middle ear. Irrigation 1…

…enough. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL to anaesthetise the marrow cavity in a conscious patient. Fixation material for the intraosseous needle. Procedure Peripheral venous cannula 1…

…a chest drain, an underwater seal unit, suture material, a size 11 scalpel, artery forceps. Sample tubes according to the table below, and blood culture…

…dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Clinically this usually corresponds to an acute increase in the SOFA score of at least 2…

…increases by less than 0.025 L during the last second , or when the expiratory time has reached 15 seconds. In 2019 ATS/ERS removed…

…IM: 10–20 mg every 4–6 hours. Infusion • Afterload reduction : Start infusion at 1 mg/hour. Increase by 0.5 mg/hour every 20…

…adrenergic and alpha adrenergic blocker with rapid onset of action. Labetalol has less antihypertensive efficacy as compared with nicardipine. Labetalol is safe in patients with…

…in increased levels of circulating pro inflammatory cytokines that may cause plaque rupture (i.e the risk of atherosclerotic plaque rupture is increased during infections…

…estimates include a rate of approximately 0–2% in patients with an eGFR of 30–44 mL/min/1.73 m2 and up to 17…

…Definition and therapeutic rationale Inclisiran is a liver directed small interfering RNA (siRNA) designed to reduce production of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)…

…an abscess. Preparation and equipment No. 11 scalpel, curved haemostat, scissors, forceps, suction. Local anaesthesia: lidocaine 10 mg/mL with adrenaline (epinephrine). Syringe, 27 G…

…Intravenous thrombolysis within 4.5 hours improves functional outcome in properly selected patients. Tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg is a safe and effective alternative to…

…daily 1 g three times daily 0.25 0.5 g twice daily 0.25 g twice daily Ciprofloxacin 400 mg twice daily 400 mg…

…opposition is presumed to have consented to donation. The person's wishes are established in this order: 1. The donation register held by the Swedish…

…CRB65 0–1) phenoxymethylpenicillin 1 g × 3 PO 5–7 days or benzylpenicillin 3 g × 3 IV Pneumonia, in chronic lung disease amoxicillin 750 mg…

…iCare, Tono Pen). Procedure Systematic examination 1. Visual acuity in each eye separately , with the patient's usual glasses and then through a pinhole. This…

…A low risk of hypoglycaemia; it can usually be continued Red flags and pitfalls Stopping basal insulin in type 1 diabetes. The single most dangerous…

…deep vein thrombosis in the acute phase. Septic phlebitis, ongoing soft tissue infection with systemic involvement. Relative: Condition Adaptation : : ABI 0.5–0.79 Reduced…

…dimer is raised in pregnancy, malignancy, infection, surgery, trauma and old age. A positive value is not a diagnosis. Risk grading in confirmed pulmonary embolism…

…taken when the report arrives. Procedure Punch biopsy 1. Mark the biopsy site. In an inflammatory dermatosis: the active edge , not the burnt out centre…

…passed through the valve. The order of management in acute bradycardia Atropine is given in doses of 0.5–1 mg intravenously, repeated every three…

…and acquired factors may interact in its development. PAH may be idiopathic, heritable, drug associated, or associated with conditions such as systemic sclerosis, HIV infection…

…other inhaled nicotine products. In cardiovascular medicine, the objective is not merely to reduce cigarette consumption but to achieve complete abstinence from tobacco and ultimately…

…Statins inhibit 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Reduced hepatic cholesterol production increases hepatic LDL receptor expression…

…insertion itself is rarely the difficult part — it is the confirmation of the position that determines whether the tube is safe. A misplaced tube in…

…minutes the absorption can be reduced by around half. Liquid preparations: in practice within about 1 hour. Tablets and solid preparations: up to about 2…

…over the insertion site Change the puncture site Preparation and equipment Ultrasound with a curved array probe. Sterile preparation (chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL…

…varies widely and may involve intrinsic cardiac disease, extrinsic systemic conditions, or pharmacologic effects. Inflammatory heart disease, caused by infections (viral, bacterial, protozoal, fungal, parasitic)…

…SMA, AMA, IgG subclasses, caeruloplasmin in people under 40, alpha 1 antitrypsin, TSH and coeliac serology , together with ultrasound of the liver and biliary tract …

…antibody directed against interleukin 1β, provided proof of concept but was not developed for routine coronary prevention because of fatal infections and high cost…

…heart disease is rare in high income countries, presumably because streptococcal infections are treated very liberally. Figure 1 shows the aortic valve in PSAX (parasternal…