…an antihistamine, oxygen, and the ability to lay the patient down. Injection Needle Angle Maximum volume per site : : : : Deltoid, adult 23–25 G, 25 mm…

…patellar tendon — do not inject into or beside them. Anticoagulant treatment is not a contraindication to these superficial injections. Preparation and equipment Chlorhexidine in alcohol…

…These thresholds are also assay dependent. Follow up of known HPA suppression to determine whether replacement can be stopped. The test is not the first…

…Time to onset of action 1 to 2 minutes Duration of action 10 to 30 minutes Delivery IV Dose Bolus injection : 5 to 15 mg…

…selective intracoronary contrast injection under fluoroscopy. The procedure is performed by advancing guidewires and diagnostic catheters from a percutaneous arterial access site to the aortic…

…flags and pitfalls Stopping a corticosteroid abruptly after longer term treatment. Not giving a stress dose to a patient with adrenal insufficiency during acute illness…

…and a fluoride tube for glucose and lactate. For injection: the corticosteroid drawn up in its own syringe, so that the same needle can stay…

…Catapress 150 μg tablets. Dose: 75 μg daily increased as required to up to 900 μg/day. Transdermal (one patch lasts for…

…ventricle. Studies from the US and Japan has estimated that up to 2% of patients referred to PCI with a suspicion of STE ACS/STEMI…

…6. Assess the chosen finding continuously during the window of effect, 40 seconds to 5–10 minutes after the injection . 7. Stop the test in…

…digital block Anaesthetise from the dorsal aspect, one injection medial and one lateral to the base of the phalanx, 2–3 mL on each side…

…list. Always dilute morphine 10 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL (1 mL made up to 10 mL with sodium chloride) before intravenous titration. Half…

…Stabilisation according to ABCDE, the plasma glucose, a blood gas and an ECG all come before complete identification of the substance. Treatment of acute poisoning…

…transient first , second , or third degree AV nodal block lasting up to a few seconds. His Purkinje conduction is generally unaffected directly. Adenosine does not…

…information about the artery. The clinical value of these techniques rests on their ability to characterize the anatomy responsible for a stenosis, define plaque morphology…

…tachycardia (NCT). Adenosine typically causes a short lasting second or third degree AV block which may be unpleasant to the patient. This side effect lasts…

…Antidote to CCBs. Digoxin antibodies Binds to digoxin. Digitalis antidote (anti digoxin, Fab fragment). Given in case of suspected digoxin intoxication. Table 4. Pharmacological treatment…

…made up of the foci of infection. Vegetations can be found on the flaps and appear as moving masses. Mural vegetations are attached to the…

…is highly likely, antibiotics must be given immediately [3]. This quick reference applies chiefly to adults with neutropenia related to cancer treatment. Children, pregnant women…

…the face and scalp — where the blood supply is good and a scar is stigmatising — up to about 24 hours is accepted in Swedish practice…

…accessory respiratory muscles or paradoxical abdominal breathing Impending muscle fatigue Respiratory rate above 25 to 30 per minute Increased risk of ventilatory failure New drowsiness…

…infection, trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring at the appropriate level of care , with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol use disorder…

…thrombolytic treatment are relative contraindications and are an argument for a superficial, compressible vessel. Allen's test is still used in many units to assess…

…Assessment of treatment response and measurement of residual disease (MRD). Fever of unknown origin or suspected granulomatous disease with marrow involvement. Work up of unexplained…

…technique is designed to make sure that never happens, and to make sure the catheter does not become the patient's next focus of infection…

…the eGFR stages and albuminuria. Inflammation and infection Test Reference Comment : : : CRP < 3 mg/L Rises within 6–8 h, half life about 19…

…the emergency situation. Consider alternatives when: Intubation is not consistent with the treatment plan — check any decision to limit treatment when time allows. There is…

…the most recent sample analysed for HPV. Invitations are sent up to and including the age of 70, and the last sample is in practice…

…CT is performed first. Preparation and equipment Informed consent, coagulation status and an up to date medication list. A sterile fenestrated drape, chlorhexidine in alcohol…

…Ear canal stenosis or exostoses Narrow and hard to reach Ongoing otitis externa Pain, spread of infection A small or uncooperative child Movement causes injury…

…the old hole. Infection or burns over the puncture site. Osteogenesis imperfecta and severe osteoporosis (relative). An inability to identify the landmarks. Choice of vein…

…coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia Relative Ongoing anticoagulant treatment — plan the aspiration for the trough level or pause the drug according to local practice Relative Skin infection…

…threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Clinically this usually corresponds to an acute increase in the SOFA score of at…

…exposure to dust, gas or fumes. Preoperative assessment before thoracic or upper abdominal surgery in a patient with known lung disease. Follow up of treatment…

…mg/hour. • Antihypertensive treatment : Start infusion at 5 mg/hour. Increase by 2.5 mg/hour every 20 min to desired blood pressure. Maximum infusion…

…repeated intravenous bolus injections or as a constant dose infusion. Bolus regime : • 20 mg IV bolus over 2 minutes, followed by 20 to 80 mg…

…of atherosclerotic plaque rupture is increased during infections). As noted by Bonow et al, it is also reasonable to believe that patients with heart failure…

…with an eGFR of 30–44 mL/min/1.73 m2 and up to 17% when eGFR is below 30 mL/min/1.73 m2…

…an important practical distinction from therapies requiring monthly or biweekly injections. Inclisiran is used as an adjunct to dietary measures and maximally tolerated statin therapy…

…anaesthetic. Place a field block in healthy skin around the abscess instead of injecting into it, and expect the procedure to hurt even so. Offer…

…not delay treatment unnecessarily. 10. In unknown time of onset, wake up stroke or a late time window: perform advanced imaging according to the local…

…times daily 1 g two to three times daily Pivmecillinam Dosed independently of renal function for a single course of treatment Trimethoprim 160 mg twice…

…Indirect criteria after circulatory arrest, following a five minute no touch period The circulation at retrieval Maintained up to retrieval Ceased; warm ischaemic time is…

…infection flucloxacillin 1 g × 3 7 days Cat bite within 2 days phenoxymethylpenicillin 1 g × 3 10 days Cat bite after 2 days, close to…

…is suspected (normal 10–21 mmHg). Tonometry is contraindicated with suspected perforation or infection. Removal Proceed from the least to the most invasive technique. 1…

…In impaired consciousness or DKA: remove the pump and change to an infusion or injections Drugs for type 2 diabetes in inpatients Agent The acutely…

Procedurer Compression is the treatment that heals venous leg ulcers; everything else is supportive. But the same compression applied to a limb with arterial insufficiency…

…is the first line treatment in high risk embolism, unless there is an absolute contraindication. The agent and dose are according to the local protocol…

…according to what is quickest. Indications Suspected malignancy: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma. An unclear inflammatory dermatosis in which the histology governs treatment…

Procedurer Transcutaneous pacing takes seconds to start and can keep a patient alive until a transvenous lead is in place — but only if it is…

…precapillary pulmonary vascular component. PAWP is used to distinguish pulmonary venous hypertension caused by left heart disease from pulmonary vascular disease. Although a PAWP of…

…other inhaled products. Readiness to attempt cessation. Depression, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, HIV infection or other circumstances that may affect cessation or treatment monitoring. Single question…

…immune activity. Statin intolerance refers to adverse effects attributed to statin treatment that improve or resolve after reducing the dose or stopping therapy. It is…

…marked breathlessness — withdraw the tube to the pharynx and start again . If the tube emerges through the mouth it has coiled up in the pharynx…

…cases up to 6 hours or more. Discuss this with the poison control centre. Gastric lavage is considered only after a life threatening ingestion of…

…deterioration. The procedure itself is straightforward: ultrasound to find the fluid, an insertion site in the left lower quadrant lateral to the rectus sheath, and…

…varies widely and may involve intrinsic cardiac disease, extrinsic systemic conditions, or pharmacologic effects. Inflammatory heart disease, caused by infections (viral, bacterial, protozoal, fungal, parasitic)…

…shifts the suspicion to bone, pregnancy or malignancy. A markedly raised GGT with the other tests normal is most often enzyme induction by alcohol or…

…lowering and other guideline directed therapies. Anti inflammatory treatment seeks to reduce this residual risk without necessarily altering lipid concentrations, blood pressure or other conventional…

…heart disease is a complication of rheumatic fever, which is caused by streptococcal infections (group A Streptococcus ). Rheumatic heart disease can occur at any age…