…For vaccination: adrenaline 1 mg/mL, an antihistamine, oxygen, and the ability to lay the patient down. Injection Needle Angle Maximum volume per site : : : : Deltoid…

…to these superficial injections. Preparation and equipment Chlorhexidine in alcohol, an iodine solution or isopropyl alcohol. A depot glucocorticoid: triamcinolone hexacetonide (Lederspan 20 mg/mL)…

…3. Take the baseline sample : cortisol and plasma ACTH. The ACTH sample is taken before the injection and handled chilled. 4. Inject 0.25 mg…

…Dose Bolus injection : 5 to 15 mg every 5 to 15 minutes as necessary. Continuous infusion: Start infusion at 0.1 mg/min and increase…

…coronary arterial tree after selective intracoronary contrast injection under fluoroscopy. The procedure is performed by advancing guidewires and diagnostic catheters from a percutaneous arterial access…

…and dose Risk of HPA suppression Tapering : : : < 3 weeks, at any dose Low Can be stopped straight away 3 weeks, prednisolone < 5 mg…

…Sterile gloves, sterile gauze, and a fenestrated drape for injection. A needle of 0.8–1.2 × 50 mm for large joints (knee, shoulder), 0…

…TTS 1 (0.1 mg/24hrs). • Catapress TTS 2 (0.2 mg/24hrs) • Catapress TTS 3 (0.3 mg/24hrs) Dosage in renal failure and…

…octopus trap). Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2. Figure 1. Echocardiogram showing takotsubo cardiomyopathy in acute phase (A) and resolution phase (B). Note the…

…monitoring and insert a venous cannula. 2. Document the baseline status of the chosen finding — measurement, photograph or video. 3. Give atropine 0.5 mg…

…from the dorsal aspect, one injection medial and one lateral to the base of the phalanx, 2–3 mL on each side, with the needle…

…the age and the medication list. Always dilute morphine 10 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL (1 mL made up to 10 mL with sodium…

…sequence induction is used when intubation is required [1]. In salicylate poisoning, intubation with an inadequate minute ventilation can rapidly worsen the acidaemia and increase…

…Due to denervation, which makes the sinus and AV nodes supersensitive to the drug, the initial dose should be reduced to 3 mg. Dipyridamole therapy…

…prolapse, and strut coverage. OCT has limited tissue penetration, generally approximately 1–3 mm, and may not show the EEM through substantial plaque or calcium…

…to 0.1 mg/kg Second dose: Increase the dose by 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg. Maximum single dose: 0.3 mg/kg…

Conduction defects ECG Management and treatment of AV blocks (AV block 1, 2 & 3) Evaluation of patients with suspected AV blocks requires a thorough medical…

…high risk of infection. Approximately 20% of all endocarditis affect people with valve prostheses and among other cases 18% show significant valvular disease. Table 1…

…infection and organ dysfunction must therefore be managed as neutropenic sepsis even if the temperature criterion is not met. The first hour Step Action : : 1…

…and in Swedish anaesthetic reviews as about 3–4 mg/kg without adrenaline and 7 mg/kg with adrenaline . Adrenaline gives a bloodless field and…

…are viral infection, bacterial infection and air pollution, but often no definite trigger can be identified [1,2]. Ask specifically about: Onset and time course…

…early , preferably before or at the same time as carbohydrate administration. 3. Rapid identification of seizures, delirium tremens, infection, trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring…

…Disinfect and allow to air dry. 2. Anaesthetise the skin with a small amount of lidocaine without adrenaline (epinephrine). 3. Puncture 1–2 cm proximal…

…consent, current full blood count and coagulation screen, medication list. Chlorhexidine in alcohol, sterile gloves, fenestrated drape, sterile gauze. Local anaesthetic: lidocaine 10 mg/mL…

…the most stable dressing, lowest risk of infection and thrombosis with prolonged dwell time Highest risk of pneumothorax, the vessel cannot be compressed after arterial…

…Electrolytes and renal function See the renal parameters for the eGFR stages and albuminuria. Inflammation and infection Test Reference Comment : : : CRP < 3 mg/L…

…3 and 4 as back up, always with the light checked. Tubes in three sizes, a stylet or bougie taken out and shaped before induction…

…Sampling for a suspected sexually transmitted infection — although chlamydia and gonorrhoea can be tested on urine or a self taken vaginal sample without a speculum…

…neuroborreliosis, neurosyphilis or another CNS infection. Suspected inflammatory disease: multiple sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis. Meningeal carcinomatosis and CNS involvement in haematological malignancy. Investigation…

…Irrigation 1. Confirm that the tympanic membrane is intact if it can be seen at all, and ask specifically about a previous perforation or grommets…

…that determines how quickly the volume reaches the patient. Preparation and equipment Cannulae in several sizes, a tourniquet, chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL, gauze…

…between regions. Common practice is correction at an INR above 1.5 and a platelet count below 50 × 10⁹/L before drain insertion, while diagnostic…

…three hours. The evidence for an absolute one hour requirement is clearest in septic shock and less certain in sepsis without shock [3,4]. The…

…respiratory infection with a risk of transmission Until symptom free Haemoptysis of unclear cause Until investigated Relative obstacles also include dementia, marked hearing loss and…

…Injections • IV: 10–40 mg every 4–6 hours • IM: 10–20 mg every 4–6 hours. Infusion • Afterload reduction : Start infusion at 1 mg…

…intravenous bolus injections or as a constant dose infusion. Bolus regime : • 20 mg IV bolus over 2 minutes, followed by 20 to 80 mg every…

…societies. The number of confirmed cases is approaching one million and the number of deaths is 34,000 as of March 29, 2020 (Figure 1)…

…48 hours after exposure, with a peak at approximately 3–5 days and resolution within about 1 week in the usual course. Severe AKI requiring…

…an important practical distinction from therapies requiring monthly or biweekly injections. Inclisiran is used as an adjunct to dietary measures and maximally tolerated statin therapy…

…anaesthetic. Place a field block in healthy skin around the abscess instead of injecting into it, and expect the procedure to hurt even so. Offer…

…1. Activate the stroke call. 2. Establish the time of symptom onset or the time last known to be well. 3. Assess airway, breathing and…

…daily 400 mg once daily 400 mg once daily Oral antibiotics Drug eGFR 90 60 89 30 59 15 29 <15 : : : : : : Phenoxymethylpenicillin 1 3 g…

…donation. The person's wishes are established in this order: 1. The donation register held by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, checked…

…200 mg × 1 on day 1, then 100 mg × 1 5–7 days Epiglottitis and other severe upper airway infection cefotaxime 1–2 g × 3…

…10–21 mmHg). Tonometry is contraindicated with suspected perforation or infection. Removal Proceed from the least to the most invasive technique. 1. Irrigate with sterile…

…In impaired consciousness or DKA: remove the pump and change to an infusion or injections Drugs for type 2 diabetes in inpatients Agent The acutely…

…3. Palpate the pulses and measure the ankle brachial index with Doppler. 4. Culture only in the presence of clinical signs of infection — all chronic…

…1 point each for age 80 years, cancer, chronic cardiac or pulmonary disease, a pulse ≥ 110/min, a systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg and…

…to find again, and it is too late to wonder where the biopsy was taken when the report arrives. Procedure Punch biopsy 1. Mark the…

…0.5–1 mg intravenously, repeated every three to five minutes to a total maximum of 3 mg . Doses below 0.5 mg can paradoxically…

…up and investigation of the cause of increased flow are appropriate. Exercise PH is defined by an mPAP/cardiac output slope greater than 3 mmHg…

…infection or other circumstances that may affect cessation or treatment monitoring. Single question screening can identify unhealthy drug use requiring counselling regarding cardiovascular effects and…

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Statins inhibit 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Reduced hepatic cholesterol…

…neck directs the tube towards the larynx. Procedure 1. Inspect both nasal passages and choose the more patent one. Ask the patient about a previous…

…reaches hospital early. The benefit of both methods falls steeply with the time since ingestion, and both can harm the patient through aspiration. Contact your…

…over the insertion site Change the puncture site Preparation and equipment Ultrasound with a curved array probe. Sterile preparation (chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL…

…over devices that require post completion processing. If symptoms remain elusive and extended monitoring exceeding 3 weeks is necessary, an implantable loop recorder is essential…

…enzyme induction by alcohol or drugs and is often of no clinical significance. Synthetic function and prognosis Child–Pugh Parameter 1 point 2 points 3…

…antibody directed against interleukin 1β, provided proof of concept but was not developed for routine coronary prevention because of fatal infections and high cost…

…the aortic and mitral valve). Rheumatic heart disease is rare in high income countries, presumably because streptococcal infections are treated very liberally. Figure 1 shows…