…in patients with coronary artery disease since it does not increase heart rate, and reduces myocardial oxygen consumption. Time to onset of action: 5 minutes…

…firmly, to its full length. 5. Aspiration is not needed for vaccination in the deltoid and vastus lateralis — there are no large vessels there, and…

…not be shorter than four weeks . Mix the corticosteroid and the lidocaine in the same syringe. The anaesthetic confirms that the injection has gone to…

…is taken before the injection and handled chilled. 4. Inject 0.25 mg of tetracosactide intravenously , slowly. Intramuscular administration is an equivalent alternative where there…

…action 1 to 2 minutes Duration of action 10 to 30 minutes Delivery IV Dose Bolus injection : 5 to 15 mg every 5 to 15…

…selective intracoronary contrast injection under fluoroscopy. The procedure is performed by advancing guidewires and diagnostic catheters from a percutaneous arterial access site to the aortic…

…of ulcer, not routinely Infection Consider Pneumocystis prophylaxis with high doses over a long period, according to the local protocol Psychiatric symptoms Sleep disturbance, hypomania…

…to press the remaining fluid down. 5. If a corticosteroid is to be given: hold the needle still, change the syringe and inject. The injection…

…Dose Injection IV: • 150 μg in 1 ml vial. Dilute with 10 ml of normal saline and give by slow injection over 5 10…

…Due to their clinical presentation, these patients are immediately referred to angiography but no coronary artery occlusion can be identified. Injection of contrast media into…

…6. Assess the chosen finding continuously during the window of effect, 40 seconds to 5–10 minutes after the injection . 7. Stop the test in…

…digital block Anaesthetise from the dorsal aspect, one injection medial and one lateral to the base of the phalanx, 2–3 mL on each side…

…lying still but screams when turned has not finished being titrated. Expect an opioid naive adult to need 5–15 mg of morphine in total…

Akutsjukvård Lathundar Basic principle Manage the patient, not the list of poisons. Stabilisation according to ABCDE, the plasma glucose, a blood gas and an ECG…

…before the drug is eliminated. A flush should immediately follow the bolus injection to ensure rapid delivery to the central circulation. If the drug is…

…information about the artery. The clinical value of these techniques rests on their ability to characterize the anatomy responsible for a stenosis, define plaque morphology…

…tachycardia (NCT). Adenosine typically causes a short lasting second or third degree AV block which may be unpleasant to the patient. This side effect lasts…

…injection. Rarely used. Glucagon Counteracts beta blockers. An antidote to beta blockers. 2–10 mg bolus followed by 2–5 mg/h infusion Antidote to…

…Infections are difficult to heal because the heart valves are not vascularized and therefore it is difficult for the immune system to reach the bacteria…

…a blood gas, coagulation tests and other investigations according to the clinical picture 5 Take cultures or molecular tests from the suspected focus, but avoid…

…The commonest cause of wound infection is retained contamination, not poor suture technique — and the commonest cause of permanent loss of function is a tendon…

…the same time, exacerbation is a clinical syndromic diagnosis, not a sufficient explanation for all acute dyspnoea in a patient with COPD. Pneumonia, heart failure…

…delirium tremens, infection, trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring at the appropriate level of care , with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol…

…A set with an integrated guidewire (Seldinger technique) helps when the vessel is difficult to puncture. Sterile preparation with chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL…

…not the skin. Aspiration needle (iliac crest or sternal needle with stylet) and a Jamshidi type biopsy needle. Syringes: a small 5–10 mL syringe…

…technique is designed to make sure that never happens, and to make sure the catheter does not become the patient's next focus of infection…

… ≥ 48 = diabetes Total cholesterol < 5.0 mmol/L Targets are governed by the total risk, not by the reference range LDL < 3…

…Working venous access, fluid and a vasopressor drawn up — push dose noradrenaline or phenylephrine must be ready before induction , not looked for afterwards. Monitoring: ECG…

…as a triage test on the same liquid based sample when the HPV test is positive — the sample therefore does not need to be repeated…

…care programme for bacterial CNS infections states that CT must not be performed before lumbar puncture in suspected bacterial meningitis — not even with a reduced…

…Insert the speculum under vision, to a maximum of about 8 mm. 5. Follow a systematic order: the skin of the ear canal → the…

…intraosseous flow requires pressure ; gravity is not enough. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL to anaesthetise the marrow cavity in a conscious patient. Fixation material for the…

…coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia Relative Ongoing anticoagulant treatment — plan the aspiration for the trough level or pause the drug according to local practice Relative Skin infection…

…the results must not be taken to mean that an electronic alert replaces clinical judgement [5]. Recognising sepsis Suspected or confirmed infection together with new…

…4. A maximal inspiration to total lung capacity — rapid, with a minimal pause at the top (< 1 second). 5. A maximal forced expiration : an…

Hydralazine Hydralazine is not preferred for hypertensive emergencies due to the high risk of reflex sympathetic stimulation. Drug Hydralazine Brand names Apresoline ®, Bidil ®…

…of atherosclerotic plaque rupture is increased during infections). As noted by Bonow et al, it is also reasonable to believe that patients with heart failure…

…renal insults. Infection, hypovolaemia, cardiac dysfunction, haemodynamic instability, anaemia and other nephrotoxic exposures may contribute to tubular injury, making attribution to contrast alone difficult. In…

…an important practical distinction from therapies requiring monthly or biweekly injections. Inclisiran is used as an adjunct to dietary measures and maximally tolerated statin therapy…

…anaesthetic. Place a field block in healthy skin around the abscess instead of injecting into it, and expect the procedure to hurt even so. Offer…

…does not delay treatment Saturation Give oxygen in hypoxia, not routinely to a normoxic patient Temperature Treat fever and look for an underlying infection Swallowing…

…and are given for absolute eGFR in mL/min , not eGFR relative to 1.73 m². Recalculate in patients who are markedly larger or smaller…

…individual assessment; certain tumour types are not a bar). Untreated generalised infection, or certain transmissible agents according to the current transmission risk assessment. In DCD…

…infection flucloxacillin 1 g × 3 7 days Cat bite within 2 days phenoxymethylpenicillin 1 g × 3 10 days Cat bite after 2 days, close to…

…is suspected (normal 10–21 mmHg). Tonometry is contraindicated with suspected perforation or infection. Removal Proceed from the least to the most invasive technique. 1…

…In impaired consciousness or DKA: remove the pump and change to an infusion or injections Drugs for type 2 diabetes in inpatients Agent The acutely…

…infection — all chronic wounds are colonised, and a culture taken without clinical suspicion leads only to unnecessary antibiotics. 5. Biopsy any ulcer that has not…

…A D dimer must not be used to rule it out The age adjusted D dimer in patients over 50: the threshold becomes age × 10…

…subcutis. 5. Lift the specimen gently with a needle tip or fine forceps applied to its edge , not by gripping across the whole biopsy, and…

…myocardial ischaemia or syncope — that has not responded to atropine: Complete heart block (third degree AV block) and second degree AV block Mobitz type 2…

…PH due to chronic lung disease, hypoxia, or sleep disordered breathing Group 4: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease Group 5:…

…In cardiovascular medicine, the objective is not merely to reduce cigarette consumption but to achieve complete abstinence from tobacco and ultimately from nicotine. Smoking is…

…symptoms (SAMS). These range from diffuse myalgia with a normal CK and no functional impairment to myositis with muscle inflammation and elevated CK. Rhabdomyolysis is…

…after about 10–15 cm is expected. 5. Ask the patient to flex the head forward and swallow repeatedly , preferably with sips of water if…

…you decide, not afterwards. Indications Medicinal charcoal is given after the ingestion of a potentially toxic dose of a substance that binds to charcoal, when…

…over the insertion site Change the puncture site Preparation and equipment Ultrasound with a curved array probe. Sterile preparation (chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL…

…varies widely and may involve intrinsic cardiac disease, extrinsic systemic conditions, or pharmacologic effects. Inflammatory heart disease, caused by infections (viral, bacterial, protozoal, fungal, parasitic)…

…shifts the suspicion to bone, pregnancy or malignancy. A markedly raised GGT with the other tests normal is most often enzyme induction by alcohol or…

…fatal infections and high cost. Low dose methotrexate did not reduce cardiovascular outcomes, and several other agents, including pexelizumab, losmapimod and darapladib, failed to demonstrate…

…heart disease is a complication of rheumatic fever, which is caused by streptococcal infections (group A Streptococcus ). Rheumatic heart disease can occur at any age…