…injection in marked coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia (< 50 ×10⁹/L) — choose the subcutaneous route if possible, otherwise give IM with a fine needle and 5…

…mg/mL without adrenaline , 2–5 mL. Needles: 21–25 G, 40 mm for subacromial and trochanteric injection; 25–27 G, 25 mm for the…

…and handled chilled. 4. Inject 0.25 mg of tetracosactide intravenously , slowly. Intramuscular administration is an equivalent alternative where there is no venous access. 5…

…Dose Bolus injection : 5 to 15 mg every 5 to 15 minutes as necessary. Continuous infusion: Start infusion at 0.1 mg/min and increase…

…coronary arterial tree after selective intracoronary contrast injection under fluoroscopy. The procedure is performed by advancing guidewires and diagnostic catheters from a percutaneous arterial access…

…with prednisolone 0.75 mg. A tenfold difference in effect. Giving the morning dose late in the day , which causes sleep disturbance and more marked…

…sterile gauze, and a fenestrated drape for injection. A needle of 0.8–1.2 × 50 mm for large joints (knee, shoulder), 0.5–0…

…Dose Injection IV: • 150 μg in 1 ml vial. Dilute with 10 ml of normal saline and give by slow injection over 5 10…

…Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome, apical ballooning syndrome, stress induced cardiomyopathy) Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome) is a rather peculiar and…

…monitoring and insert a venous cannula. 2. Document the baseline status of the chosen finding — measurement, photograph or video. 3. Give atropine 0.5 mg…

…adherent dressing, gauze. The digital block Anaesthetise from the dorsal aspect, one injection medial and one lateral to the base of the phalanx, 2–3…

…pain Practical points during titration: Give the injection slowly over at least a minute; a rapid injection causes nausea and a fall in blood pressure…

…injection marks, medication patches and trauma. Remove contaminated clothing and wash the skin after external exposure A low Glasgow Coma Scale is not on its…

…patients: For patients weighing less than 50 kg, the dosing should be 0.05 to 0.3 mg/kg. Central venous access: When injected into…

…of: minimum and maximum lumen diameter; lumen area; EEM or vessel area; atheroma area; plaque burden; minimum stent area. The limitations of gray scale IVUS…

…dose: 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg Second dose: Increase the dose by 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg. Maximum single dose: 0…

…α and β agonist Infusion of 2–10 μg/min (titrate as needed). T½ 5 min. • Effective if hypotension is present. • Can be given…

…microorganisms, generally, cause subacute endocarditis. Endocarditis can affect native (own) valves and valve prostheses. As always, foreign materials pose a high risk of infection. Approximately…

…abdominal pain or a rapid deterioration in general condition may be the only signs of infection. Corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive treatments can blunt the febrile…

…2.5 mg/mL Slow Long When prolonged analgesia is wanted The maximum dose of lidocaine is given in the Swedish medicines compendium (FASS) and…

…COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood gas determines the need for ventilatory support …

…delirium tremens, infection, trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring at the appropriate level of care , with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol…

…vessel is difficult to puncture. Sterile preparation with chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL, sterile drape, sterile gloves, mask and cap. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL…

…tenths of a millilitre, at most about 0.5 mL. A larger volume draws in peripheral blood and dilutes the specimen. Marrow clots within seconds…

…a high frequency linear probe, a sterile probe cover and sterile gel. Chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL for skin disinfection. Allow it to air…

…NT proBNP < 125 ng/L (< 300 in acute dyspnoea) A normal value effectively excludes heart failure D dimer < 0.5 mg/L…

…size and depth Patient Internal diameter (mm) Depth at the teeth (cm) : : : Adult woman 7.0–7.5 21 Adult man 7.5–8.0…

…sexually transmitted infection — although chlamydia and gonorrhoea can be tested on urine or a self taken vaginal sample without a speculum. Routine gynaecological examination of…

…neuroborreliosis, neurosyphilis or another CNS infection. Suspected inflammatory disease: multiple sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis. Meningeal carcinomatosis and CNS involvement in haematological malignancy. Investigation…

…the shoulder and holds the kidney dish against the neck below the ear. 4. Insert the catheter tip no more than 0.5 cm into…

…blood gas and electrolytes can be interpreted, but some laboratories do not accept marrow blood in their analysers — check locally. Contraindications Peripheral venous cannula: Infection…

…between regions. Common practice is correction at an INR above 1.5 and a platelet count below 50 × 10⁹/L before drain insertion, while diagnostic…

…dose of antibiotic, the cultures, the fluid bolus and the start of the vasopressor. Time Action : : 0 to 5 min ABCDE, continuous monitoring, activate the…

…and COPD cannot be diagnosed without it . The quality of the test determines its entire value: a poorly performed manoeuvre gives a falsely low FVC…

…by 0.5 mg/hour every 20 min to desired blood pressure. Maximum infusion rate 5 mg/hour. • Antihypertensive treatment : Start infusion at 5 mg…

…of action 5 to 10 minutes Duration of action 2 to 4 hours Delivery IV Dose Can be given as repeated intravenous bolus injections or…

…protein (CRP) and N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (NT pro BNP). The latter suggests that COVID 19 causes ventricular dysfunction. Guo et al…

…48 hours after exposure, with a peak at approximately 3–5 days and resolution within about 1 week in the usual course. Severe AKI requiring…

…an important practical distinction from therapies requiring monthly or biweekly injections. Inclisiran is used as an adjunct to dietary measures and maximally tolerated statin therapy…

…anaesthetic. Place a field block in healthy skin around the abscess instead of injecting into it, and expect the procedure to hurt even so. Offer…

…3. Assess airway, breathing and circulation. 4. Measure the plasma glucose immediately. 5. Perform the NIHSS and document which symptoms are disabling. 6. Measure the…

…1 g three times daily 1 g three times daily 1 g three times daily 0.25 0.5 g twice daily 0.25 g…

…individual assessment; certain tumour types are not a bar). Untreated generalised infection, or certain transmissible agents according to the current transmission risk assessment. In DCD…

…then 100 mg × 1 5–7 days Epiglottitis and other severe upper airway infection cefotaxime 1–2 g × 3 IV Depends on the diagnosis Always…

…or an intraocular foreign body — shield the eye with a rigid shield, give systemic antibiotics and contact an ophthalmologist urgently . A positive Seidel's sign…

…In impaired consciousness or DKA: remove the pump and change to an infusion or injections Drugs for type 2 diabetes in inpatients Agent The acutely…

…ongoing soft tissue infection with systemic involvement. Relative: Condition Adaptation : : ABI 0.5–0.79 Reduced compression (20–30 mmHg) under vascular surgical supervision Diabetes…

…infection, surgery, trauma and old age. A positive value is not a diagnosis. Risk grading in confirmed pulmonary embolism Risk Haemodynamics Right ventricular strain (echo…

…Preparation and equipment Chlorhexidine in alcohol or an iodine solution. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL with adrenaline 5 µg/mL (adrenaline gives a bloodless field and…

…given in doses of 0.5–1 mg intravenously, repeated every three to five minutes to a total maximum of 3 mg . Doses below 0…

…Group 4: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease Group 5: PH with unclear or multifactorial mechanisms PAH is a distinct and…

…infection or other circumstances that may affect cessation or treatment monitoring. Single question screening can identify unhealthy drug use requiring counselling regarding cardiovascular effects and…

…Acute infection Renal or hepatic impairment Hypothyroidism Vitamin D deficiency Concomitant interacting medications The SLCO1B1 rs4149056 polymorphism is associated with higher statin concentrations and may…

…method, and auscultation is not such a method. Indications Decompression in ileus, subacute obstruction or gastric retention — the commonest indication on a surgical ward. Decompression…

…is given after the ingestion of a potentially toxic dose of a substance that binds to charcoal, when it can be given early and the…

…insertion site Change the puncture site Preparation and equipment Ultrasound with a curved array probe. Sterile preparation (chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL), sterile gloves…

…conditions, or pharmacologic effects. Inflammatory heart disease, caused by infections (viral, bacterial, protozoal, fungal, parasitic), autoimmune processes (giant cell myocarditis, sarcoidosis, rheumatic heart disease, connective…

…GGT with the other tests normal is most often enzyme induction by alcohol or drugs and is often of no clinical significance. Synthetic function and…

…coronary syndromes and recent myocardial infarction COLCOT The COLCOT trial enrolled 4745 patients within 30 days of myocardial infarction. Participants received colchicine 0.5 mg…

…by streptococcal infections (group A Streptococcus ). Rheumatic heart disease can occur at any age and multiple valve lesions are common (typically the aortic and mitral…