…injection in marked coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia (< 50 ×10⁹/L) — choose the subcutaneous route if possible, otherwise give IM with a fine needle and 5…

…duration of effect. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL without adrenaline , 2–5 mL. Needles: 21–25 G, 40 mm for subacromial and trochanteric injection; 25–27…

…and handled chilled. 4. Inject 0.25 mg of tetracosactide intravenously , slowly. Intramuscular administration is an equivalent alternative where there is no venous access. 5…

…Dose Bolus injection : 5 to 15 mg every 5 to 15 minutes as necessary. Continuous infusion: Start infusion at 0.1 mg/min and increase…

…coronary arterial tree after selective intracoronary contrast injection under fluoroscopy. The procedure is performed by advancing guidewires and diagnostic catheters from a percutaneous arterial access…

…and dose Risk of HPA suppression Tapering : : : < 3 weeks, at any dose Low Can be stopped straight away 3 weeks, prednisolone < 5 mg…

…down. 5. If a corticosteroid is to be given: hold the needle still, change the syringe and inject. The injection should go in easily. Resistance…

…Dose Injection IV: • 150 μg in 1 ml vial. Dilute with 10 ml of normal saline and give by slow injection over 5 10…

…Injection of contrast media into the ventricle will instead reveal that the apical portion of the left ventricle is dilated (hence the term apical ballooning…

…monitoring and insert a venous cannula. 2. Document the baseline status of the chosen finding — measurement, photograph or video. 3. Give atropine 0.5 mg…

…digital block Anaesthetise from the dorsal aspect, one injection medial and one lateral to the base of the phalanx, 2–3 mL on each side…

…turned has not finished being titrated. Expect an opioid naive adult to need 5–15 mg of morphine in total. If more than that is…

…sequence induction is used when intubation is required [1]. In salicylate poisoning, intubation with an inadequate minute ventilation can rapidly worsen the acidaemia and increase…

…to 12 mg, followed by a flush. Doses as low as 2.5 mg may terminate some tachycardias, and doses of 12 mg or less…

…occult structural abnormality. IVUS IVUS generates images by transmitting ultrasound from an intracoronary catheter and recording echoes reflected from the vessel wall. Contemporary systems use…

…seconds. Case reports have indicated that the risk of high degree AV block and ventricular arrhythmias is greater in patients on digoxin or verapamil, although…

…drug. • Effective in sinus bradycardia or AV node block. • Dose <0.5 mg may worsen bradycardia and should not be given. • Relative contraindications are ileus…

…of infection on the flap is called vegetation. As a rule, some kind of damage to native (own) valves is required to become vulnerable and…

…clinical picture 5 Take cultures or molecular tests from the suspected focus, but avoid sampling that delays antibiotics 6 Take a targeted history and examine…

…2.5 mg/mL Slow Long When prolonged analgesia is wanted The maximum dose of lidocaine is given in the Swedish medicines compendium (FASS) and…

…are viral infection, bacterial infection and air pollution, but often no definite trigger can be identified [1,2]. Ask specifically about: Onset and time course…

…delirium tremens, infection, trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring at the appropriate level of care , with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol…

…Sterile preparation with chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL, sterile drape, sterile gloves, mask and cap. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL for local anaesthesia in the…

…blood count and coagulation screen, medication list. Chlorhexidine in alcohol, sterile gloves, fenestrated drape, sterile gauze. Local anaesthetic: lidocaine 10 mg/mL, usually 5–10…

…a high frequency linear probe, a sterile probe cover and sterile gel. Chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL for skin disinfection. Allow it to air…

…Electrolytes and renal function See the renal parameters for the eGFR stages and albuminuria. Inflammation and infection Test Reference Comment : : : CRP < 3 mg/L…

…anaphylaxis, deep neck infection, an expanding haematoma, facial trauma. An anticipated course requiring a secured airway — transfer, heavy sedation, surgery — and cardiac arrest. Contraindications There…

…Sampling for a suspected sexually transmitted infection — although chlamydia and gonorrhoea can be tested on urine or a self taken vaginal sample without a speculum…

…neuroborreliosis, neurosyphilis or another CNS infection. Suspected inflammatory disease: multiple sclerosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, autoimmune encephalitis. Meningeal carcinomatosis and CNS involvement in haematological malignancy. Investigation…

…lie with the ear uppermost for 5 minutes after instillation. Procedure Otoscopy 1. Inspect the outer ear, the tragus and the area behind the pinna…

…a tourniquet, chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL, gauze, a transparent dressing, an extension set with a three way tap, and saline for flushing. An…

…between regions. Common practice is correction at an INR above 1.5 and a platelet count below 50 × 10⁹/L before drain insertion, while diagnostic…

…observational and the results must not be taken to mean that an electronic alert replaces clinical judgement [5]. Recognising sepsis Suspected or confirmed infection together…

…respiratory infection with a risk of transmission Until symptom free Haemoptysis of unclear cause Until investigated Relative obstacles also include dementia, marked hearing loss and…

…infusion rate 25 mg/hour. Adverse effects Tachycardia. Flushing. Headache. Angina pectoris. Caution Heart failure. Angina pectoris (ischemic heart disease). Hydralazine doses and administration in…

…of action 5 to 10 minutes Duration of action 2 to 4 hours Delivery IV Dose Can be given as repeated intravenous bolus injections or…

…healthy individuals. Infections and the risk of acute coronary syndromes It is known that the risk of developing acute coronary syndromes increases during infections, including…

…48 hours after exposure, with a peak at approximately 3–5 days and resolution within about 1 week in the usual course. Severe AKI requiring…

…an important practical distinction from therapies requiring monthly or biweekly injections. Inclisiran is used as an adjunct to dietary measures and maximally tolerated statin therapy…

…anaesthetic. Place a field block in healthy skin around the abscess instead of injecting into it, and expect the procedure to hurt even so. Offer…

…4.5 hours improves functional outcome in properly selected patients. Tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg is a safe and effective alternative to alteplase and is…

…tract infection. At an eGFR <30 mL/min the antibacterial effect is lost. Dosed independently of renal function Doxycycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin and fusidic…

…any retrieval: it begins when someone in the intensive care unit identifies a possible donor and the deceased person's own wishes are properly established…

…5–7 days or doxycycline 200 mg × 1 on day 1, then 100 mg × 1 5–7 days Epiglottitis and other severe upper airway infection…

Procedurer The single most important step in any eye injury is to measure and document the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second…

…In impaired consciousness or DKA: remove the pump and change to an infusion or injections Drugs for type 2 diabetes in inpatients Agent The acutely…

…the presence of clinical signs of infection — all chronic wounds are colonised, and a culture taken without clinical suspicion leads only to unnecessary antibiotics. 5…

…unit and which reference system your own laboratory uses before applying it. The D dimer is raised in pregnancy, malignancy, infection, surgery, trauma and old…

…Preparation and equipment Chlorhexidine in alcohol or an iodine solution. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL with adrenaline 5 µg/mL (adrenaline gives a bloodless field and…

…of 3 mg . Doses below 0.5 mg can paradoxically worsen the bradycardia and must be avoided. Atropine acts on the sinus node and the…

…and acquired factors may interact in its development. PAH may be idiopathic, heritable, drug associated, or associated with conditions such as systemic sclerosis, HIV infection…

…infection or other circumstances that may affect cessation or treatment monitoring. Single question screening can identify unhealthy drug use requiring counselling regarding cardiovascular effects and…

…Acute infection Renal or hepatic impairment Hypothyroidism Vitamin D deficiency Concomitant interacting medications The SLCO1B1 rs4149056 polymorphism is associated with higher statin concentrations and may…

…Measure the depth of insertion by laying the tube from the tip of the nose to the earlobe and from there to the xiphoid process…

…reaches hospital early. The benefit of both methods falls steeply with the time since ingestion, and both can harm the patient through aspiration. Contact your…

…over the insertion site Change the puncture site Preparation and equipment Ultrasound with a curved array probe. Sterile preparation (chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL…

…system. The underlying pathophysiology varies widely and may involve intrinsic cardiac disease, extrinsic systemic conditions, or pharmacologic effects. Inflammatory heart disease, caused by infections (viral…

…upper limit of normal). An R 5 indicates hepatocellular injury, R < 2 cholestatic injury, and 2–5 a mixed pattern. Orders of magnitude that…

…syndromes and recent myocardial infarction COLCOT The COLCOT trial enrolled 4745 patients within 30 days of myocardial infarction. Participants received colchicine 0.5 mg once…

…by streptococcal infections (group A Streptococcus ). Rheumatic heart disease can occur at any age and multiple valve lesions are common (typically the aortic and mitral…