…<20) Ampicillin 2 g three times daily 2 g three times daily 2 g three times daily 2 g twice daily (if <20) 1 g…

…CRB65 0–1) phenoxymethylpenicillin 1 g × 3 PO 5–7 days or benzylpenicillin 3 g × 3 IV Pneumonia, in chronic lung disease amoxicillin 750 mg…

…6. Inject at an even rate, about 1 mL per 3–5 seconds. 7. Withdraw the needle at the same angle and press with a…

…subacromial and trochanteric injection; 25–27 G, 25 mm for the carpal tunnel, de Quervain's and trigger finger. Syringes of 3, 5 and 10…

…fasting or having had a light breakfast according to local practice. Let the patient rest lying down or sitting for at least 15 minutes. 2…

…action 1 to 2 minutes Duration of action 10 to 30 minutes Delivery IV Dose Bolus injection : 5 to 15 mg every 5 to 15…

…and Clinical Role Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is a catheter based investigation that visualizes the coronary arterial tree after selective intracoronary contrast injection under fluoroscopy…

…life : : : : Hydrocortisone (cortisol) 20 mg Marked Short, 8–12 hours Prednisolone 5 mg Moderate Intermediate, 12–36 hours Methylprednisolone 4 mg Low Intermediate Betamethasone 0…

…and a fenestrated drape for injection. A needle of 0.8–1.2 × 50 mm for large joints (knee, shoulder), 0.5–0.6 × 25…

…Dose Injection IV: • 150 μg in 1 ml vial. Dilute with 10 ml of normal saline and give by slow injection over 5 10…

…Injection of contrast media into the ventricle will instead reveal that the apical portion of the left ventricle is dilated (hence the term apical ballooning…

…6. Assess the chosen finding continuously during the window of effect, 40 seconds to 5–10 minutes after the injection . 7. Stop the test in…

…loosened or avulsed nail plate, or a damaged nail fold edge Nail avulsion and inspection of the nail bed, with suture of any nail bed…

…turned has not finished being titrated. Expect an opioid naive adult to need 5–15 mg of morphine in total. If more than that is…

…for neurological, respiratory or haemodynamic failure that cannot be corrected quickly. Rapid sequence induction is used when intubation is required [1]. In salicylate poisoning, intubation…

…of these highly efficient elimination pathways, adenosine has an extremely short elimination half life of 1 to 6 seconds. Most of the drug's pharmacological…

…Its resolution is substantially higher than that of IVUS, approximately 5–20 µm depending on the system, compared with roughly 70–200 µm for gray…

…in the intensive care unit or coronary care unit. Adenosine injection must be administered quickly (1 2 seconds), followed immediately by a rapid saline flush …

…pacemaker is established. Drug Effect Dose, kinetics Comment Atropine Acetylcholine receptor antagonist 1 mg IV every 3 5 minutes, maximum 3 mg IV. T½ 3…

…high risk of infection. Approximately 20% of all endocarditis affect people with valve prostheses and among other cases 18% show significant valvular disease. Table 1…

…infection and organ dysfunction must therefore be managed as neutropenic sepsis even if the temperature criterion is not met. The first hour Step Action : : 1…

…Comment : : : : Lidocaine 10 mg/mL Rapid 1–2 hours The standard choice Lidocaine 10 mg/mL with adrenaline 5 µg/mL Rapid 2–6 hours…

…change of treatment. Common precipitants are viral infection, bacterial infection and air pollution, but often no definite trigger can be identified [1,2]. Ask specifically…

…delirium tremens, infection, trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring at the appropriate level of care , with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol…

…close to the plane of the skin and advance a further 1–2 mm so that the catheter tip also lies in the lumen. 5…

…low platelet counts, followed by compression. Infection in the skin overlying the puncture site. Previous pelvic irradiation on the intended side (yields fibrotic, unrepresentative marrow…

Procedurer What determines the outcome of a central venous catheter insertion is decided before the needle goes in: the choice of site, the use of…

…Reticulocytes 20–100 ×10⁹/L Distinguishes a production defect from haemolysis or bleeding Ferritin 15–300 µg/L (women 10–150) An acute phase protein —…

…III–IV (5 points), obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (2 points), reduced neck mobility (1 point), mouth opening under 3 cm (1 point), coma (1 point)…

…Sampling for a suspected sexually transmitted infection — although chlamydia and gonorrhoea can be tested on urine or a self taken vaginal sample without a speculum…

…a minute or so. 5. Advance the needle in the midline with a slight cranial angulation , about 15 degrees towards the umbilicus. Use the intr

…Frazier or Baron, 5 Fr). Cerumenolytics (docusate sodium, sodium bicarbonate drops, olive oil, carbamide peroxide) are instilled 15–30 minutes before the procedure, or over…

…children 24 G Yellow 15–20 mL/min Neonates and small children The flows apply to water by gravity according to the manufacturers' standard measurements…

…between regions. Common practice is correction at an INR above 1.5 and a platelet count below 50 × 10⁹/L before drain insertion, while diagnostic…

…sets of blood cultures, and a culture from the likely focus 0 to 15 min Ringer's acetate for hypotension or hypoperfusion, usually 500 mL…

…than 0.025 L during the last second , or when the expiratory time has reached 15 seconds. In 2019 ATS/ERS removed the previous minimum…

…Dose Injections • IV: 10–40 mg every 4–6 hours • IM: 10–20 mg every 4–6 hours. Infusion • Afterload reduction : Start infusion at 1…

…of action 5 to 10 minutes Duration of action 2 to 4 hours Delivery IV Dose Can be given as repeated intravenous bolus injections or…

…Recent studies on COVID 19 and cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular implications of COVID 19 have been elucidated in recent studies from China and Italy (1–5)…

…48 hours after exposure, with a peak at approximately 3–5 days and resolution within about 1 week in the usual course. Severe AKI requiring…

…inclisiran permits subcutaneous administration only twice yearly, an important practical distinction from therapies requiring monthly or biweekly injections. Inclisiran is used as an adjunct to…

…abscess, a markedly unwell patient with fever and systemic upset, suspected necrotising soft tissue infection, a child who cannot tolerate the procedure while awake. Suspected…

…there is a discrepancy or uncertainty. Intravenous thrombolysis within 4.5 hours improves functional outcome in properly selected patients. Tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg is…

…individual assessment; certain tumour types are not a bar). Untreated generalised infection, or certain transmissible agents according to the current transmission risk assessment. In DCD…

…10–21 mmHg). Tonometry is contraindicated with suspected perforation or infection. Removal Proceed from the least to the most invasive technique. 1. Irrigate with sterile…

…few days. Principles Insulin component Function Who needs it : : : Basal insulin (intermediate or long acting) Covers fasting glucose production Everyone with type 1 diabetes, always…

…toothed forceps, scissors, no. 15 scalpel. Topical anaesthetic cream (lidocaine–prilocaine) or infiltration anaesthesia for painful debridement. Wound bed dressing chosen by exudate volume, edge…

…a stable pulmonary embolism is a diagnostic pathway. The unstable patient Hypotension (systolic < 90 mmHg for 15 minutes, or a need for a vasopressor)…

…size 15 scalpel, a double edged razor blade or a flexible shave blade. Artery forceps, toothed surgical forceps, scissors, a needle holder. Sutures: 5 0…

…of 0.5–1 mg intravenously, repeated every three to five minutes to a total maximum of 3 mg . Doses below 0.5 mg can…

…upper limit of normal in some assessments, a threshold of ≤15 mmHg remains the recommended criterion for precapillary PH, partly because this value has been…

…Clinical presentation and assessment Identifying tobacco exposure Every cardiovascular assessment should establish: Current smoking status. Cigarettes smoked per day. Duration of smoking and cumulative exposure…

…muscle disease or a personal or family history of muscle disorders Acute infection Renal or hepatic impairment Hypothyroidism Vitamin D deficiency Concomitant interacting medications The…

…mark is typically around 50–60 cm. 3. Lubricate the outermost 10–15 cm of the tube. 4. Advance the tube perpendicular to the face…

…is considered only after a life threatening ingestion of a highly toxic substance, where the patient arrives within about 1 hour (a liquid preparation) or…

…over the insertion site Change the puncture site Preparation and equipment Ultrasound with a curved array probe. Sterile preparation (chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL…

…varies widely and may involve intrinsic cardiac disease, extrinsic systemic conditions, or pharmacologic effects. Inflammatory heart disease, caused by infections (viral, bacterial, protozoal, fungal, parasitic)…

…most often enzyme induction by alcohol or drugs and is often of no clinical significance. Synthetic function and prognosis Child–Pugh Parameter 1 point 2…

…antibody directed against interleukin 1β, provided proof of concept but was not developed for routine coronary prevention because of fatal infections and high cost…

…income countries, presumably because streptococcal infections are treated very liberally. Figure 1 shows the aortic valve in PSAX (parasternal short axis view). Figure 1. The…