…resuscitation care Victims of out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) who achieve ROSC in the emergency room (ER) are transferred to the intensive care unit…

…sudden cardiac arrests occur outside hospitals, the chain of care includes laymen, emergency dispatchers, ambulance, first responders (police, fire brigade, rescue services), the emergency room…

…occurred in or out of hospital and whatever the initial rhythm. It applies to both shockable and non shockable initial rhythms. It is started as…

…Coimbra R. Open chest versus closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in trauma patients with signs of life upon hospital arrival: a retrospective multicenter study. Crit Care…

…10€) and may reduce morbidity and mortality substantially in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Importantly, the ECG findings dictate the management of acute coronary syndromes…

…oxygen, suction and emergency drugs in the room. Staff with current CPR competence; a physician available. Patient preparation: A light meal is permitted; no large…

…that the prescription has no target — the nasal cannula stays in place for days without anyone asking why, or the patient at risk of carbon…

…Suspected secondary adrenal insufficiency in pituitary disease, after pituitary surgery or radiotherapy, or with suspected suppression of the HPA axis after long term glucocorticoid treatment…

…Figure 1). Below follows a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic…

…Figure 1). Below follows a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic…

…Preparation: The patient must have rested lying down for at least 10 minutes in a room at a comfortable temperature — a cold foot gives falsely…

…available only as a named patient (licensed import) product, and the diagnosis instead rests on antibody analysis (AChR antibodies in about 80 % of generalised and…

…works poorly in inflamed tissue — the acidic environment inactivates the anaesthetic. Place a field block in healthy skin around the abscess instead of injecting into…

…seconds. Case reports have indicated that the risk of high degree AV block and ventricular arrhythmias is greater in patients on digoxin or verapamil, although…

…aortic root morphology. Age stratified formulas help determine expected normal values based on body surface area (BSA), aiding in the diagnosis of aortic root dilation…

…complications Complications during diagnostic coronary angiography occur in approximately 2% of patients. Serious events such as stroke and myocardial infarction occur in fewer than 1%…

…coronary pressure assessment is recommended in patients with a very high clinical likelihood of obstructive CAD, defined in the source material as greater than 85%…

…Abnormalities in the QT interval can cause serious arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. QT prolongation can precipitate torsades de pointes, a specific form of polymorphic…

…of stroke. In patients with acute decompensated heart failure, AF with rapid ventricular response is particularly important. Cardioversion is generally not immediately indicated if the…

…as estimating the extent of ischemia. After revascularization procedures, stress testing is utilized to assess whether there is any residual ischemia or angina pectoris. Patients…

Akutsjukvård Lathundar Basic principle Manage the patient, not the list of poisons. Stabilisation according to ABCDE, the plasma glucose, a blood gas and an ECG…

…probability in the stable patient The Wells criteria for pulmonary embolism: Criterion Points : : Clinical signs of deep vein thrombosis 3 Pulmonary embolism is the most…

…anticoagulant? The unstable patient Immediate electrical cardioversion, without delay, in any of the following: A systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg caused by the arrhythmia…

…Lathundar Key message Fever in a neutropenic patient is an emergency. Infection can progress rapidly, while the typical local signs of inflammation may be faint…

…on the sample. Indications Diagnostic paracentesis: Newly detected ascites — always. Every admission of a patient with known ascites. Clinical deterioration in a cirrhotic patient with…

…can keep a patient alive until a transvenous lead is in place — but only if it is working, and the commonest source of error is…

…work of breathing, exhaustion and, in the most severe cases, hypotension, pneumothorax and respiratory arrest [1]. The first few minutes 1. Sit the patient up…

…gait instability The specificity of the symptoms is limited. In a patient with moderate symptoms the physician must judge the likelihood that the symptoms really…

…although the results are influenced by the fact that the sickest patients are more often intubated [4]. Intubation is reasonable in: a reduced level of…

…platelets: in ongoing bleeding with coagulopathy, or as part of balanced transfusion in massive haemorrhage. Transfusion thresholds in the stable, non bleeding patient Patient category…

…cause of pressure sores. 4. Dip the plaster in tepid water and squeeze out the excess without wringing. 5. Put the slab in place and…

…A diagnosis of delirium is therefore the beginning of the investigation, not the end. In a frail older patient an apparently small insult — sleep deprivation…

…shaped before induction , a syringe for the cuff, a cuff manometer. A laryngeal mask of the correct size as a rescue airway, and surgical airway…

…information independent of ischaemia. Maximal exercise capacity, expressed by exercise duration, workload or metabolic equivalents, is among the strongest predictors of mortality in patients with…

…of infarction caused by ischaemia, and no obstructive stenosis in a major epicardial coronary artery. Non obstructive disease is generally defined as the absence of…

…of hypercapnia and a normal blood gas Usually 94 to 98 percent An individually documented target prescription, for example in chronic hypercapnia Follow the patient…

…posterior circulation stroke is the most important dangerous differential diagnosis. Clear focal neurological findings are absent in roughly half of patients with a central cause…

…in primary care but interpreted as specialist investigations. Both fail more often for practical than for medical reasons: the cuff is in the wrong place…

…At a creatinine clearance <20 mL/min, consider an alternative treatment In aminoglycoside treatment of obese patients, an adjusted body weight is used: adjusted weight…

…as a solution has a good effect in anterior bleeding. Raise the chair so that the patient's nose is at your eye level. The…

…in decontamination, and gastric lavage is today a rare procedure reserved for very serious poisonings in which the patient reaches hospital early. The benefit of…

…are no absolute contraindications, but refrain or adapt in: The patient does not consent — the examination must then not be carried out. Vaginismus or marked…

…subcutaneously in a patient with a high BMI, and that the deltoid injection is placed too high — which causes the shoulder injury known as SIRVA…

…how the patient is positioned, which needle is chosen, and that the tubes go to the right place. In suspected bacterial meningitis it is the…

…drug administration when the patient cannot swallow safely, for example after a stroke. Sampling of gastric contents and evacuation in poisoning (see the separate text…

…so as not to reduce a fracture dislocation or to miss a posterior dislocation. The exceptions are an obvious recurrent dislocation in a patient with…

…not restrain the limbs and do not put anything in the mouth. Suction the mouth as needed and place the patient in the recovery position…

…as a potential interaction, and that there is a ready made plan for what happens when the INR runs away or the patient bleeds. In…

…deaths occur in patients with preserved LVEF, for whom no practical risk prediction tool currently exists. At the other end, roughly two thirds of ICDs…

…CCB therapy. Nicorandil and trimetazidine are additional options in selected patients. Treatment choices should be integrated with management of precipitating factors such as anaemia, uncontrolled…

…mm All patients Other leads Greater than or equal to 1 mm These criteria for the other leads apply in the absence of left ventricular…

…be initiated concurrently. In patients with a confirmed indication for treatment but blood pressure in the range of 120–139/70–89 mmHg, concomitant indications…

…profile, as the upper limit of the "healthy" range can still harbor significant metabolic risk. 3 For patients with a BMI below 35 kg/m²…

…chest pain. It is appropriate when the expected information is likely to change management. In patients with a very low probability of obstructive CAD, testing…

…precapillary PH, partly because this value has been used in therapeutic studies of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The threshold is not absolute: patient phenotype, risk…

…approximately 20–25% of secondary hypertension cases. Coarctation of the aorta and renovascular disease are important non endocrine causes, particularly in patients with resistant hypertension…

…not every patient with an initial STEMI pattern has myocardial infarction as the final diagnosis. The underlying process usually involves acute thrombotic obstruction of an…

…begin as soon as possible, with a target of less than 10 minutes from STEMI diagnosis to the fibrinolytic bolus. In suitable systems, pre hospital…

…lead ECG within 10 minutes. 3. Attach defibrillator pads if the patient is unstable or at marked risk of arrhythmia. 4. Take a full blood…

…fifth of adults during a hospital episode in international studies and is linked to substantial mortality, even though incidence and prognosis vary widely between patient…