…or, less commonly, device damage. Oversensing is more likely with unipolar leads. Electrocautery is the most frequent source of EMI, although radiofrequency procedures, nerve stimulators…

…had a reduced value — the majority of sudden cardiac deaths occur in patients with preserved LVEF, for whom no practical risk prediction tool currently exists…

…recorder, 2–4 weeks Less often, with syncope Implantable loop recorder Contraindications None. Practical obstacles are skin disease or allergy to the electrode gel, and…

…It has also been used successfully to decrease the incidence of AF after cardiac surgery. Furthermore, sotalol may decrease the frequency of implantable cardioverter defibrillator …

…Of every 10 such victims, the heart in 6 or 7 showed no recent disease in coronary arteries or in heart muscle. In other words…

…rhythm is shockable). This is explained by the fact that there are no means of determining what phase the patient is in. The three phases…

…associated with intervention on degenerated saphenous vein grafts (SVGs), rotational atherectomy, and procedures performed for acute myocardial infarction. In SVG PCI, slow flow or no…

…particularly with pethidine. Caution: untreated sleep apnoea, a concurrent benzodiazepine or gabapentinoid, marked hypovolaemia, head injury with impaired consciousness, biliary tract disease. There is no…

…to ECG interpretation 1. Which of the following ECG findings is typically considered a normal variant in asymptomatic athletes with no significant family history? A:…

…charts should be used. Waist circumference Measure the waist between the lowest rib and the iliac crest, at the end of expiration, with the tape…

…No. 11 scalpel for the skin incision, sterile dressings, pressure dressing. Procedure 1. Place the patient in the lateral position with the knees drawn up…

…has turned white. Contact technique with a cryoprobe gives a deeper and more controlled freeze on flat surfaces; spray technique is better on irregular surfaces…

…a patient with an impaired cough reflex, and the first feed then becomes a direct instillation into the lung. No tube may be used before…

…crisis. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications in hypoxaemia. Take particular care in: A risk of hypercapnic respiratory failure — COPD, severe obesity with hypoventilation, neuromuscular…

…history of the disease. In lateral epicondylitis the effect is in fact worse than no treatment at all at one year . The injection is therefore…

Info Brugada's algorithm is the most used algorithm for distinguishing ventricular tachycardia (VT) and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with wide QRS complex. The algorithm entails…

…Atrial fibrillation. Worsening of heart failure. Caution • Used cautiously in patients with acute heart failure. • Clevidipine can cause reflex tachycardia. • Contraindicated in severe aortic stenosis…

…PENICILLIN G PROCAINE NA no no Nandrolone Decanoate NANDROLONE DECANOATE Nandrolone Decanoate NA sp ambiguous Caution is required for patients with cardiac disease Bleomycin BLEOMYCIN…

…Induces arteriolar vasodilation. No effect on venous circulation. • May cause reflex sympathetic stimulation (can be counteracted with simultaneous administration of beta blockers). Effects Induces arteriolar…

…or no thickening (<10%) 3 Dyskinesia Paradoxical thinning and/or outward directed motion during systole 4 Aneurysmatic Diastolic deformation 5 Recommended by the American Society…

…Treatment • No prior treatment, low dose, or low intensity lipid lowering therapy: • Start high potency, high dose statin therapy (Class I recommendation). • Immediate combination with…

…pressure control. Mechanism of action Nitroglycerin provides nitric oxide (NO) that induces vasodilatation (of both arterioles and veins) via generation of cyclic GMP, which then…

…Caution • Used cautiously in patients with high intracranial pressure or azotemia. • Should not be given to pregnant women. • Should not be given to patients with…

…The European definition uses BP ≥180/110 mmHg with acute HMOD, although other guidance emphasizes that no single BP threshold is diagnostically sufficient: the presence…

…Angina with non obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA) describes anginal symptoms in patients whose epicardial coronary arteries are normal or show no obstructive disease. Ischaemia with…

…ACS), biochemical evidence of myocardial injury with corroborating evidence of infarction caused by ischaemia, and no obstructive stenosis in a major epicardial coronary artery. Non…

…due to its association with ischemic stroke and systemic embolism. The contemporary understanding of AF has evolved significantly; it is no longer viewed merely as…

…interventions. Unfortunately, during the stressful circumstances surrounding a sudden cardiac arrest, uncertainty may arise with regard to no flow time, low flow time, patient preferences…

…There are, however, no differences regarding the ECG grid. As in adults, the x axis represents time (the paper speed is typically 25 mm/s…

…In cardiac arrest, there is no cerebral perfusion, with an equal degree of hypoxia in all neurons. There is one fundamental difference between neurons and…

…one with the fastest intrinsic rate of depolarization will be the pacemaker, which means that it usually is atrial myocardium. Asystole occurs if no escape…

…which is synonymous with AV dissociation, complete AV block, AV block III and AV block 3. In third degree AV block, no atrial impulses are…

…air pollution, but often no definite trigger can be identified [1,2]. Ask specifically about: Onset and time course. Increased dyspnoea compared with usual. Increased…

…No smoking or coffee in the preceding hour. Remove socks and any compression stockings. Avoid measuring the arm pressure on the side with a dialysis…

…Anticoagulation Assess the risk with CHA₂DS₂ VA (the sex category has been removed from the Swedish recommendation). Score Recommendation : : 0 No anticoagulant 1 Consider an…

…mmHg suggests vascular disease, and the arm with the higher reading is used thereafter Two to three measurements one minute apart, taking the mean of…

…it involves When it is used : : : Blood grouping ABO and RhD typing. Requires two samples drawn on two separate occasions with a separate identity check…

…conflated. There is no absolute upper age limit. Suitability is determined organ by organ in consultation between the intensive care physician and the transplant service…

…protocols. Children, pregnant women and patients with advanced renal failure, marked heart failure or circulatory shock require a specific protocol and early specialist involvement. DKA…

…with possible residual unsteadiness. No hearing loss, tinnitus or neurological deficits. In horizontal positional vertigo (lateral semicircular canal) the supine roll test is used for…

…INR ≥ 2.0 checked weekly on warfarin, or documented well managed DOAC therapy with no missed doses. A single missed DOAC dose makes the pretreatment…

…Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications in the emergency situation. Consider alternatives when: Intubation is not consistent with the treatment plan — check any decision to…

…access. Grading There is no entirely uniform international grading. The following division is clinically useful and is consistent with commonly used guidelines [1,3]. Level…

…or treatment with sodium nitroprusside. In most hypertensive emergencies the following is aimed for: 1. Lower the mean arterial pressure by no more than about…

Endokrinologi & metabolism Akutsjukvård Lathundar Emergency overview Measure the plasma glucose immediately in everyone with a reduced level of consciousness, seizures, confusion, a change in behaviour…

…A markedly raised GGT with the other tests normal is most often enzyme induction by alcohol or drugs and is often of no clinical significance…

…with suture of any nail bed laceration Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications, but be cautious and consider referral in: Diabetes with neuropathy or peripheral…

…to approximately 40–50 mg of oral morphine per day. Patches have no place in acute, unstable pain: the onset takes 12 to 24 hours…

…used in large volume ascites. Diagnostic paracentesis 1. Scan the left lower quadrant. Confirm at least 2–3 cm of free fluid depth with no…

…posterior effusion with no safe route for puncture — surgical drainage or pericardiotomy instead. Relative: uncorrected coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia and ongoing anticoagulant treatment. In tamponade with shock…

…sits leaning forward with the arms on a table for diagnostic and therapeutic aspiration; for drain insertion the supine position is used with the arm…

…since a device set at the fever threshold is always behind. Indications A patient who remains unconscious (with no meaningful response to speech) after the…

… it is part of the treatment itself. Indications Salicylate poisoning with symptoms or a rising serum concentration. Alkalinisation increases renal elimination several fold and at…

…is initiated. High No treatment High 2 Oral anticoagulation (warfarin or NOAC) is recommended for all male patients with scores of 2 or more. Very…

…Atrial fibrillation. Worsening of heart failure. Caution • Used cautiously in patients with acute heart failure. • Clevidipine can cause reflex tachycardia. • Contraindicated in severe aortic stenosis…

…DrugBank. No data on QT prolongation or risk of torsade de pointes in PubMed. Abexinostat has been used in trials studying the treatment of Sarcoma…

…are used to assess clinical risk. These instruments incorporate haemodynamic and respiratory variables such as tachycardia and hypoxaemia, together with age and comorbidities including active…

…be tailored to the suspected mechanism. No antianginal class has demonstrated consistent superiority for symptom relief in direct comparative studies, and combinations are frequently required…

…fatal myocardial infarction with low dose aspirin. Approximately 12% reduction in non fatal ischaemic stroke in trials specifically evaluating this outcome. No demonstrated reduction in…

…participants who were described as frail generally had no more than mild frailty, limiting the applicability of trial findings to people with substantial functional impairment…