…A neutropenic patient with a suspected infection and organ dysfunction must therefore be managed as neutropenic sepsis even if the temperature criterion is not met…

…be initiated concurrently. In patients with a confirmed indication for treatment but blood pressure in the range of 120–139/70–89 mmHg, concomitant indications…

…However, most clinicians who encounter patients with pacemakers only have access to conventional surface ECGs. Being able to assess pacemaker function and perform troubleshooting should…

…biomarkers without affecting lipids or other major coronary risk factors. In patients with previous myocardial infarction and residual inflammation, defined by hsCRP ≥2 mg/L…

…CPR in patients with refractory out of hospital cardiac arrest. Patients aged 18 to 70, who received bystander CPR and initially presented with a ventricular…

…Hypotension can be counteracted with simultaneous administration of norepinephrine. All patients with severe acute heart failure who receive levosimendan should be monitored invasively (e.g…

…bundle branch block in a patient presenting with chest discomfort is strongly suggestive of ongoing ischemia/infarction. Among all patients with acute myocardial infarction the…

…even in patients with left ventricular dysfunction, though those with depressed ejection fraction should receive it with great caution due to the risk of hypotension…

…waves may result in incorrect recordings. Patient data Gender, age, weight and height are required to evaluate the examination. Most echocardiographic parameters vary with age…

…these cells is 60 beats per minute. The resulting P wave is morphologically different from the sinus P wave, but the QRS complex is normal…

…maximally tolerated statin therapy and ezetimibe. For patients with a recurrent atherothrombotic event while receiving maximally tolerated statin therapy, an LDL C goal below 1…

…predicting an unfavorable neurological outcome, indicating that the test failed to identify 27.8% of individuals with poor neurological recovery. The specificity of absent pupillary…

…if the initial rhythm is asystole or PEA. Most current protocols for ECMO exclude patients presenting with asystole or PEA. Duration of cardiac arrest : In…

…blockers) without the risk of worsening the bradycardia. Persons with sick sinus syndrome should receive an artificial pacemaker to reduce symptoms and increase function. However…

…in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and is also a common tachyarrhythmia requiring treatment in decompensated heart failure (DHF). In the critically ill patient…

…some patient populations. The sensitivity, specificity, risks, and results of the exercise test may be affected by patient characteristics. For example, exercising patients with ongoing…

Akutsjukvård Lathundar Basic principle Manage the patient, not the list of poisons. Stabilisation according to ABCDE, the plasma glucose, a blood gas and an ECG…

…The unstable patient Hypotension (systolic < 90 mmHg for 15 minutes, or a need for a vasopressor), obstructive shock or cardiac arrest with suspected pulmonary…

…not 48. The 2024 ESC guidelines and several Swedish clinical knowledge resources have tightened the former 48 hour rule for patients with risk factors. Check…

…commonest error in paracentesis is not performing it. Every patient admitted with ascites should undergo a diagnostic paracentesis , because spontaneous bacterial peritonitis often lacks abdominal…

…other predictable error is forgetting that pacing hurts a great deal in a conscious patient. Indications Immediate (transcutaneous) pacing in bradycardia with haemodynamic compromise — hypotension…

…PEF or FEV1 if the patient can manage it without delaying treatment. 10. Call anaesthetics and intensive care early with life threatening features or an…

…how acute the condition is. A patient with a chronic plasma sodium of 112 mmol/L may be relatively unaffected, while a rapid fall from…

…contrary been associated with more pneumonia and a longer stay, although the results are influenced by the fact that the sickest patients are more often…

…each time Always, once per patient if no valid result exists Type and screen (BAS test) Blood group confirmation and antibody screening. If the screen…

…closed circumferential cast , and the patient must leave with clear information about the symptoms that should make them seek help immediately. Indications An undisplaced or…

…older patients are affected, and the incidence is particularly high after hip fracture, major surgery and intensive care [1,2]. The condition is associated with…

…kill patients during airway management , and both are predictable. Indications Inability to protect the airway: reduced level of consciousness, loss of pharyngeal reflexes, vomiting with…

…exercise induced arrhythmias Evaluating the blood pressure response Refining risk stratification and prognosis For patients with low or moderate pre test likelihood of obstructive CAD…

…the explanation for the presentation. Clinical presentation and symptoms Patients typically present with symptoms suggestive of ACS and troponin elevation. The clinical and electrocardiographic manifestations…

…the same time, exacerbation is a clinical syndromic diagnosis, not a sufficient explanation for all acute dyspnoea in a patient with COPD. Pneumonia, heart failure…

…most important dangerous differential diagnosis. Clear focal neurological findings are absent in roughly half of patients with a central cause. A normal routine neurological examination…

…place, the electrodes come off, the patient has not kept a diary. The set up and the instructions decide whether the investigation will be usable…

…course (no more than 7 days) may be given to selected patients with an eGFR of 30 40 mL/min for lower urinary tract infection…

…the patient first. Marked septal deviation towards the bleeding side (relative). Preparation and equipment Personal protective equipment (gloves, a visor, an apron), suction with a…

…is a high risk patient even with normal ST segments, whereas isolated ST depression in a woman with a low pre test probability is usually…

…substance, where the patient arrives within about 1 hour (a liquid preparation) or 2 hours (tablets). With very large quantities of an extremely toxic preparation…

…examination must be preceded by information about each step, take place with the patient's ongoing consent, and be able to be stopped at any…

…done wrongly. The two commonest errors are that an intramuscular injection in fact ends up subcutaneously in a patient with a high BMI, and that…

…is to be performed. Procedure 1. Position the patient correctly. The lateral position with the back towards you, the knees drawn up, the chin on…

…the tube is safe. A misplaced tube in the airway produces no reliable symptoms in a patient with an impaired cough reflex, and the first…

…The nasal cannula, the simple mask and the reservoir mask deliver an FiO2 that varies with the patient's minute ventilation: a markedly hyperventilating pati

…miss a posterior dislocation. The exceptions are an obvious recurrent dislocation in a patient with known instability and a low energy mechanism, and a neurovascularly…

…the test to be interpretable. Procedure 1. Schedule the test in the morning, preferably starting between 08:00 and 09:00 , with the patient fasting…

…3,4]. In parallel with the drug treatment Resuscitation, investigation and drug treatment must proceed simultaneously. Do not wait for laboratory results, CT or EEG…

…°C has not been shown to improve survival or the neurological outcome compared with keeping the patient normothermic — but fever after cardiac arrest is harmful…

…the patient the same day the result arrives. 3. Reduce to 5 mg (two tablets) on days 1 and 2 in patients over 75, with…

…those who did, only a minority had a reduced value — the majority of sudden cardiac deaths occur in patients with preserved LVEF, for whom no…

…CCB therapy. Nicorandil and trimetazidine are additional options in selected patients. Treatment choices should be integrated with management of precipitating factors such as anaemia, uncontrolled…

…V2 to V3 Greater than or equal to 1.5 mm All patients Other leads Greater than or equal to 1 mm These criteria for…

…the "healthy" range can still harbor significant metabolic risk. 3 For patients with a BMI below 35 kg/m², direct assessments such as waist circumference…

…In patients with a very low probability of obstructive CAD, testing may generate false positive results and unnecessary downstream procedures. In patients with a high…

…mechanisms may coexist, diagnosis and classification must integrate haemodynamics with the patient’s clinical context and the results of all relevant investigations. Haemodynamic definition At…

…the aorta and renovascular disease are important non endocrine causes, particularly in patients with resistant hypertension. Dietary sodium and potassium abnormalities and commonly used over…

…or equivalent presentations together with persistent ST segment elevation, or an equivalent electrocardiographic pattern, suggesting acute coronary occlusion. Most patients with this working diagnosis subsequently…

…infarction (STEMI) is a working diagnosis based on persistent ST segment elevation or an equivalent electrocardiographic pattern in a patient with symptoms of myocardial ischaemia…

…with continuing ischaemia, shock, serious arrhythmia or acute heart failure. Routine opening of a persistently occluded infarct related artery in a stable and asymptomatic patient…

…questions must be answered immediately: 1. Is there obstruction to urine flow? 2. Is the patient hypovolaemic, adequately filled or fluid overloaded? 3. Is there…

…can develop despite a measurable or high blood alcohol concentration, particularly in patients with marked tolerance. The most important measures in severe or complicated withdrawal…

…cause necrosis. Screening in diabetes of 10 years' duration, or in diabetes with age 50 years. Risk assessment in known coronary or cerebrovascular disease. Follow…