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Deceased donor organ donation

…confirmation of death is carried out in a formally unimpeachable way, and that the donor's organs are maintained physiologically for as long as the…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…if possible, otherwise give IM with a fine needle and 5 minutes of compression. Anticoagulant treatment is not in itself a bar to vaccination. Relative…

Paracentesis

Procedurer The commonest error in paracentesis is not performing it. Every patient admitted with ascites should undergo a diagnostic paracentesis , because spontaneous bacterial peritonitis often…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…For assessment of function and prognosis, arrhythmia evaluation, known coronary artery disease and evaluation of treatment effect, the medication is continued — abrupt withdrawal carries a…

Urinary alkalinisation

…Severe hypernatraemia. Preparation and equipment Two peripheral venous cannulas, or a central venous catheter for longer treatment. Sodium bicarbonate 50 mg/mL (corresponding to 0…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…follow cardiac surgery, coronary angiography or other invasive procedures, and affected patients may be relatively painless compared with those with spontaneous dissection. Clinical manifestations may…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…local procedure. Low molecular weight heparin, not a DOAC Active cancer A DOAC or low molecular weight heparin. Consider the bleeding risk with gastrointestinal and…

Abscess incision and drainage

Procedurer An abscess is emptied, not treated away. Incision and drainage is the treatment; antibiotics are normally neither necessary nor sufficient in an uncomplicated cutaneous…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

Procedurer Aspirate and biopsy answer different questions and do not replace one another: the aspirate shows cellular morphology and provides material for flow cytometry and…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…a class 2–3 compression stocking. Tape measure for ankle circumference — this governs the choice of material and bandaging technique. Procedure Assessment 1. History: duration…

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