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Deceased donor organ donation

…patient who develops total brain infarction An intensive care patient in whom life sustaining treatment is withdrawn and total brain infarction is not expected to…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…if possible, otherwise give IM with a fine needle and 5 minutes of compression. Anticoagulant treatment is not in itself a bar to vaccination. Relative…

Paracentesis

Procedurer The commonest error in paracentesis is not performing it. Every patient admitted with ascites should undergo a diagnostic paracentesis , because spontaneous bacterial peritonitis often…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…lies not in ST depression alone but in the overall picture : exercise capacity, symptoms, blood pressure response, heart rate response, arrhythmias and recovery. A patient…

Urinary alkalinisation

…in rhabdomyolysis, and salicylate concentration in poisoning. Procedure 1. Contact your national or regional poison control centre in poisoning before treatment is started. They give…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…to anatomy correlation. Pain may be absent, particularly in iatrogenic aortic injury. Iatrogenic lesions commonly follow cardiac surgery, coronary angiography or other invasive procedures, and…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…A D dimer must not be used to rule it out The age adjusted D dimer in patients over 50: the threshold becomes age × 10…

Abscess incision and drainage

Procedurer An abscess is emptied, not treated away. Incision and drainage is the treatment; antibiotics are normally neither necessary nor sufficient in an uncomplicated cutaneous…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…6–10, plus spreader slides — laid out and labelled before the puncture begins . Specimen tubes: EDTA and heparin tubes according to local instructions, plus a…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…to unnecessary antibiotics. 5. Biopsy any ulcer that has not healed within three months despite adequate treatment — malignancy (Marjolin's ulcer, basal cell carcinoma) and…

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