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Deceased donor organ donation

…outcome — that the confirmation of death is carried out in a formally unimpeachable way, and that the donor's organs are maintained physiologically for as…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…if possible, otherwise give IM with a fine needle and 5 minutes of compression. Anticoagulant treatment is not in itself a bar to vaccination. Relative…

Paracentesis

Procedurer The commonest error in paracentesis is not performing it. Every patient admitted with ascites should undergo a diagnostic paracentesis , because spontaneous bacterial peritonitis often…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…of function and prognosis, arrhythmia evaluation, known coronary artery disease and evaluation of treatment effect, the medication is continued — abrupt withdrawal carries a risk of…

Urinary alkalinisation

…is part of the treatment itself. Indications Salicylate poisoning with symptoms or a rising serum concentration. Alkalinisation increases renal elimination several fold and at the…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…follow cardiac surgery, coronary angiography or other invasive procedures, and affected patients may be relatively painless compared with those with spontaneous dissection. Clinical manifestations may…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…A D dimer must not be used to rule it out The age adjusted D dimer in patients over 50: the threshold becomes age × 10…

Abscess incision and drainage

Procedurer An abscess is emptied, not treated away. Incision and drainage is the treatment; antibiotics are normally neither necessary nor sufficient in an uncomplicated cutaneous…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…A patient who cannot lie still — plan for sedation rather than abandoning the procedure. Choice of site The posterior superior iliac spine is the standard…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…foot pulses are not an acceptable substitute, and in patients with diabetes or renal failure the index may be falsely normal because of medial sclerosis…

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