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Deceased donor organ donation

…determine the outcome — that the confirmation of death is carried out in a formally unimpeachable way, and that the donor's organs are maintained physiologically…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…if possible, otherwise give IM with a fine needle and 5 minutes of compression. Anticoagulant treatment is not in itself a bar to vaccination. Relative…

Paracentesis

…Procedure Choice of insertion site The left lower quadrant is the first choice : the abdominal wall is thinner there than on the right, and the…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…of function and prognosis, arrhythmia evaluation, known coronary artery disease and evaluation of treatment effect, the medication is continued — abrupt withdrawal carries a risk of…

Urinary alkalinisation

…Heart failure, pulmonary oedema and other conditions with a high risk of fluid overload — a relative contraindication requiring invasive monitoring and slower administration. Significant metabolic…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…follow cardiac surgery, coronary angiography or other invasive procedures, and affected patients may be relatively painless compared with those with spontaneous dissection. Clinical manifestations may…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…local protocol. Alternatives when there is a contraindication: catheter directed treatment or surgical embolectomy where available. A vasopressor (noradrenaline) and cautious fluid administration. Large fluid…

Abscess incision and drainage

Procedurer An abscess is emptied, not treated away. Incision and drainage is the treatment; antibiotics are normally neither necessary nor sufficient in an uncomplicated cutaneous…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…marrow — choose the other side). A patient who cannot lie still — plan for sedation rather than abandoning the procedure. Choice of site The posterior superior…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…foot pulses are not an acceptable substitute, and in patients with diabetes or renal failure the index may be falsely normal because of medial sclerosis…

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