…uncontrolled source of bleeding. Minimise the time to surgery, endoscopy, an obstetric procedure or angiographic intervention. Summon anaesthesia, the operating specialty, the blood bank and…

…body reaching the stroma or deeper. The absence of a slit lamp — the cornea should not be instrumented without magnification. With a suspected chemical injury…

…ventilating is not experienced in intubation. Planned anaesthesia for short procedures in a fasted patient at low risk of aspiration. A conduit for fibreoptically assisted…

…tongue depressor, a vomit bowl. Local anaesthesia and vasoconstriction: lidocaine 4 % with oxymetazoline 0.5 % (or xylometazoline) on cotton pledgets. Cautery: silver nitrate sticks; electrocautery…

…occlusion and on the adequacy of collateral blood flow. Ischaemia initially produces pain and sensory disturbance. With progression, motor dysfunction develops, followed by profound anaesthesia…

…anaesthetic. Place a field block in healthy skin around the abscess instead of injecting into it, and expect the procedure to hurt even so. Offer…

Procedurer For many patients a gynaecological examination is associated with a sense of exposure, and technically correct performance is only half the task. The examination…

…and the drainage is stopped for coughing, chest pain, or when the volume limit is reached. Indications Diagnostic aspiration: a new pleural effusion of unclear…

…acidaemia and increase the entry of salicylate into the central nervous system. Discuss the case early with the poison control centre and with anaesthesia or…

…arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis and, in the worst case, amputation. The decisive step is therefore not the choice of dressing but the ankle brachial…

…dose of an intravenous antiseizure drug If the seizure continues after adequate step 1 and step 2 Refractory status: contact anaesthesia, intensive care and neurology…

…procedures and with epidural anaesthesia. Bladder washout and continuous irrigation in macroscopic haematuria with clots (a three way catheter). Instillation therapy and contrast studies of…

…mask and cap. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL for local anaesthesia in the awake patient — the anaesthetic also improves the chance of success by counteracting vascular…

…joints. Local anaesthesia of the skin and subcutis where needed, lidocaine 10 mg/mL. Sample tubes: an EDTA tube for the cell count and crystals…

…emergency medicine (and prehospital medicine). This is high quality medical education simply. Life in the Fast Lane Australian site with one of the most impressive…

…to a prosthesis) — a high risk of avascular necrosis of the femoral head and of vascular injury; always an orthopaedic surgeon, and usually general anaesthesia…

…fluid and early contact with anaesthesia or intensive care Refractory anaphylaxis Persisting airway, respiratory or circulatory compromise despite two adequate intramuscular doses of adrenaline and…

…dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation. Repeated blood sampling during intensive care. Exhausted…

…the skin on its own. Local anaesthesia: lidocaine 10 mg/mL, a millilitre or two intracutaneously and along the needle track, with a fine needle…

…the last dose, the renal function and the severity of the bleeding 7 Manage antiplatelet drugs according to their indication. Do not routinely stop aspirin…

…and all bites on the hand. These are as a rule left open. Facial bites can be sutured after careful debridement because of the cosmesis…

…possible: anaesthesia and intubation can precipitate circulatory collapse in a tamponaded patient , since positive airway pressure further reduces the venous return. Procedure Choice of access…

…a genetic mutation in the RYR1 receptor, resulting in persistent muscle contraction upon administration of halogenated anesthetic agents. As an idiosyncratic response to substances such…