…men on one occasion. Pharmacokinetics and pathophysiology Approximately 95% of ingested ethanol undergoes hepatic metabolism. Alcohol dehydrogenase converts ethanol to acetaldehyde, which is subsequently converted…

…Heart failure, hypertension, diabetes and vascular disease. Age and sex category. Renal and hepatic function. Previous bleeding, bleeding predisposition, alcohol use and concomitant drugs that…

…alcohol and illicit substances weight, age, pregnancy and comorbidity renal and hepatic function regular medication and drug dependence epilepsy or previous seizures suicidal intent packaging…

…vital functions artificially until the substance undergoes renal elimination, hepatic elimination or is removed by means of dialysis. Substance Antidot e Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) N Acetylcysteine…

…with readiness for respiratory support. 5. Treatment of the alcohol use disorder and planned follow up , not merely detoxification. Benzodiazepines reduce the severity of withdrawal…

…Ischemic cardiomyopathy Alcoholic cardiomyopathy Diabetic cardiomyopathy Takotsubo cardiomyopathy Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy Non compaction cardiomyopathy Peripartum cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy secondary to valvular heart disease Long term prognosis…

…pattern Pattern Predominant Consider : : : Hepatocellular ALT and AST ↑↑, ALP normal Viral hepatitis, drugs, alcohol, autoimmune hepatitis, ischaemic hepatitis, steatohepatitis Cholestatic ALP and GGT ↑↑…

…administration adapted to the cause. 8. Identify drugs, renal failure, alcohol, a missed meal, physical activity and any other precipitating factor. Thresholds The thresholds below…

…blood contact. An alcohol or chlorhexidine swab. Let the skin dry completely before inserting the needle — alcohol carried in with the needle stings. Needles of…

…Preparation and equipment Chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL: clean with 3–4 swabs in wide circles and let it dry for a couple of…

…Active gastric or duodenal ulcers. Liver cirrhosis. Severe heart failure. Doses 100 mg/day during the third trimester of pregnancy. Dosage Acute myocardial infarction: Initial…

…age 65, and concomitant drug/alcohol use. Some studies suggest HAS BLED has comparable or slightly superior predictive capability for major bleeding compared to ATRIA…

…24hrs) • Catapress TTS 3 (0.3 mg/24hrs) Dosage in renal failure and renal replacement therapy: Dose as in normal renal function Adverse effects Excessive…

…leeding history or predisposition L abile INR (International Normalized Ratio) E lderly (age 65 years) D rugs/alcohol concomitantly Each component is assigned 1 point…

…Recognised causes include: Diabetes and insulin resistance Thyroid disease Kidney disease Excessive alcohol consumption Diets high in carbohydrate or fat Glucocorticoids Beta blockers Oestrogen therapy…

…myocarditis, sarcoidosis, rheumatic heart disease, connective tissue disease, eosinophilic myocarditis), toxins (alcohol, cocaine, cancer therapies), or physical reactions (radiation therapy), frequently involves the conduction system…

…status, body weight, smoking, diet, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption. Additional considerations include psychosocial stress, obstructive sleep apnoea, social determinants of health, air pollution, family…

…left ventricular dysfunction, valve disease, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, congenital heart disease, diabetes mellitus (both type 1 and type 2), obesity, smoking…

…tachycardia; e.g congestive heart failure, lung disease (e.g COPD), fever, infections, anemia, myocardial ischemia/infarction, pulmonary embolism, pheochromocytoma, hyperthyroidism, hypovolemia, pharmacological substances (alcohol…

…aminoglycoside toxicity, antiepileptic drugs, alcohol or sedatives Trauma and medication directed workup This corresponds to the principles of TiTrATE, in which Timing, Triggers And Targeted…

…with an integrated guidewire (Seldinger technique) helps when the vessel is difficult to puncture. Sterile preparation with chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL, sterile drape…

…fields. Preparation and equipment Informed consent, current full blood count and coagulation screen, medication list. Chlorhexidine in alcohol, sterile gloves, fenestrated drape, sterile gauze. Local…

…probe, a sterile probe cover and sterile gel. Chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL for skin disinfection. Allow it to air dry completely before puncture…

…pH and bicarbonate. An arterial blood gas is needed mainly when concomitant respiratory failure or an exact assessment of oxygenation requires it [3]. Calculation of…

…salts Iron, lithium, potassium, lead, mercury Alcohols and glycols Ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol Corrosive substances Strong acids and alkalis Petroleum products Lamp oil, petrol…

…in coagulopathy, or with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding Refeeding syndrome There is a risk in starvation, alcoholism, anorexia nervosa, or more than 5 days…

…Informed consent, coagulation status and an up to date medication list. A sterile fenestrated drape, chlorhexidine in alcohol, sterile gloves, a face mask. An atraumatic…

…proximal fold over the base of the plate. Preparation and equipment Chlorhexidine in alcohol or an iodine solution. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL without adrenaline for…

…often lacks abdominal pain and peritonism and instead presents as encephalopathy, renal failure or simply deterioration. The procedure itself is straightforward: ultrasound to find the…

… a defibrillator to hand. Sterile gown and gloves, chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL, a large fenestrated drape. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL for local anaesthesia…

Procedurer In acute circulatory failure it is not the number of cannulae that matters but the flow per unit time . A large bore, short cannula…

…aspiration: a new pleural effusion of unclear cause. An effusion not confidently explained by heart failure must be aspirated. Suspected empyema or complicated parapneumonic effusion…

…the forearm and the dorsum of the hand. Preparation and equipment Chlorhexidine in alcohol or an iodine solution. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL with adrenaline 5…

…is not a contraindication to these superficial injections. Preparation and equipment Chlorhexidine in alcohol, an iodine solution or isopropyl alcohol. A depot glucocorticoid: triamcinolone hexacetonide …

…through a 20 mL syringe and a large bore needle. Chlorhexidine in alcohol to the skin around the wound — not into the wound. Sterile gloves…

…Concurrently, the atrial myocardium undergoes structural remodeling driven by aging, hypertension, heart failure, and the arrhythmia itself. This remodeling manifests as interstitial fibrosis, atrial dilation…

…Hypertension. Smoking. Dyslipidemia (hyperlipidemia). Obesity and/or diabetes. Psychosocial stress. Alcohol abuse. Physical inactivity. Unhealthy diet. Cerebral / peripheral vascular disease. Cancer. Acute coronary syndromes cause…

…hanging or strangulation. Drug overdose Intentional or accidental overdose of medications, drugs or other substances (including alcohol) causing cardiac arrest. Table 1. Classification of causes…

…et al ). Blood pressure is positively correlated with societal economic development, age, alcohol intake, body weight, male sex and salt intake. Population blood pressure increases…