…begin before the blood alcohol concentration has reached zero, and several syndromes can overlap [1,4]. Time after a clear reduction or the last intake…

…bradyarrhythmic cardiac arrest or asystole may result from reversible systemic insults, including hypovolemia, hypoxia, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, preexisting acidosis, drug overdose, hypothermia, and hyperkalemia…

…65, and concomitant drug/alcohol use. Some studies suggest HAS BLED has comparable or slightly superior predictive capability for major bleeding compared to ATRIA. ORBIT…

…Preparation and equipment Ultrasound with a curved array or linear probe. Sterile clothing: gown, gloves, cap, mask, fenestrated drape. Chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL…

…motion intolerance and difficulty walking Vestibular neuritis, cerebellar or brainstem infarction, haemorrhage, drug toxicity, demyelination HINTS plus by a trained examiner if nystagmus is present…

…fails or is judged futile. Children in an emergency, where peripheral venous access often takes too long. Intraosseous access accepts all drugs, fluids and blood…

…time, and whether the intake was single or repeated a modified release preparation or a combination product concurrent drugs, alcohol and illicit substances weight, age…

…g in 1 ml vial. Dilute with 10 ml of normal saline and give by slow injection over 5 10 minutes. Dilute immediately before use…

…ethnicity, and frailty. Primary prevention is complemented by population level interventions. Population strategies aim to shift risk across the whole community through healthier environmental defaults…

…pregnancy or malignancy. A markedly raised GGT with the other tests normal is most often enzyme induction by alcohol or drugs and is often of…

…ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation is, therefore, the result of a perfect storm scenario , where ischemia, hemodynamics, the autonomous nervous system, electrolyte concentrations, and other…

…an arm with a dialysis fistula. Preparation and equipment Hand disinfection; gloves where there is a risk of blood contact. An alcohol or chlorhexidine swab…

…or liver function, prior stroke, bleeding tendency or previous bleeding, labile international normalized ratio (INR), older age, drugs predisposing to bleeding and alcohol use. A…

…substances (alcohol, amphetamine, coffee, anticholinergic drugs, beta adrenergic agonists). In all of these conditions, sinus tachycardia is merely an expression of an underlying disease or…

…comparing rate and rhythm control. However, rhythm control conveys risks (most antiarrhythmic drugs have a pro arrhythmic effect as well), which is why clinicians mostly…

…ingested substance has the propensity to form bezoars or is a sustained release formulation. Note: activated charcoal is ineffective against alcohols, lithium, and heavy metals…

…and Drugs/alcohol. A crucial clinical pitfall is the misapplication of this score. A high HAS BLED score (≥3) indicates a need for closer clinical…

…with a meal or with continued glucose administration adapted to the cause. 8. Identify drugs, renal failure, alcohol, a missed meal, physical activity and any…

…Do not administer to patients with a history of asthma, rhinitis, or urticaria triggered by: Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). Other non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)…

…gloves and a large full body drape. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL for local anaesthesia, normal saline to flush all lumens, suture material or a securement…

…is subsequently converted by aldehyde dehydrogenase to acetate. The remaining fraction is excreted unchanged in urine, perspiration and exhaled breath. Blood alcohol concentration generally peaks…

…heart failure or circulatory shock require a specific protocol and early specialist involvement. DKA and HHS are dynamic conditions. Treatment must be guided by the…

…may contribute to HTG. Reducing alcohol and carbohydrate intake, and considering a switch to antiretroviral agents with less adverse lipid effects, may improve triglyceride concentrations…

…the knees drawn up , or prone with a pillow under the pelvis. The lateral position is usually the most comfortable and gives good access. 2…

…by feel, and by feel nail spicules are left behind — which is the commonest cause of recurrence. Indications Condition Procedure : : Acute paronychia with fluctuance or…

…and equipment Chlorhexidine in alcohol or an iodine solution. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL with adrenaline 5 µg/mL (adrenaline gives a bloodless field and a…

…pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax). Hypertension. Smoking. Dyslipidemia (hyperlipidemia). Obesity and/or diabetes. Psychosocial stress. Alcohol abuse. Physical inactivity. Unhealthy diet. Cerebral / peripheral vascular disease. Cancer. Acute…

…through muscle without major vessels or nerves, and the landmark — the posterior corner of the acromion — is easy to palpate even in a large patient…

…after previous failed attempts, or in children. A rolled towel to place under the wrist, and tape to secure the hand. Positioning: the wrist extended…

…and the use of certain medications or alcohol. Interpretation of HAS BLED score A score of 0 1 indicates low risk A score of 2…

…systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic (140/90 mm Hg). The discordance between optimal blood pressure and the definition of hypertension is explained by a…

…antibiotics and a corticosteroid are then given immediately after blood cultures. For questions other than acute meningitis — an insidious onset, known malignancy, immunosuppression, papilloedema or…

…Anticoagulant treatment is not a contraindication to these superficial injections. Preparation and equipment Chlorhexidine in alcohol, an iodine solution or isopropyl alcohol. A depot glucocorticoid:…

…over the insertion site Change the puncture site Preparation and equipment Ultrasound with a curved array probe. Sterile preparation (chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL)…

…well apposed edges, abrasions and small wounds under about 5 mm often do better with adhesive strips, tissue adhesive or a dressing alone. Contraindications Primary…

…and always urgent. A large pericardial effusion with symptoms despite medical treatment. Diagnostic drainage in suspected purulent pericarditis, tuberculosis or malignancy. Tamponade is a clinical…

…ineffective and management is instead governed by the antidote, supportive treatment or dialysis: Group Examples : : Metals and salts Iron, lithium, potassium, lead, mercury Alcohols and…