…diameter of about 5 mm. Indication Size Comment : : : Clear urine, routine catheterisation in a woman Ch 12–14 A short catheter, about 20–25 cm…

…and incompletely absorbed after oral administration, with systemic bioavailability ranging from 25% to 65% and minimal hepatic first pass extraction. Following a single oral dose…

…sparingly Prepatellar and olecranon bursitis The bursa Exclude septic bursitis first Injection is considered when 4–6 weeks of adequate conservative treatment — modification of loading…

…is taken before the injection and handled chilled. 4. Inject 0.25 mg of tetracosactide intravenously , slowly. Intramuscular administration is an equivalent alternative where there…

…10 ml of normal saline and give by slow injection over 5 10 minutes. Dilute immediately before use. PO: Alternatives: Dixarit 25 μg tablets…

…edge of the tissue is decisive: benign tissue requires about −25 °C for reliable cell death, malignant tissue about −50 °C. The outer limit of…

…atrial fibrillation Criteria for dose reduction according to FASS : : : Apixaban 5 mg × 2 2.5 mg × 2 if at least two of: age ≥ 80 years…

…Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index, a half life of several days and more than a hundred clinically relevant interactions. What determines whether the treatment…

…hour corresponds approximately to 25–30 mg of oral morphine per day, and 25 micrograms/hour to approximately 40–50 mg of oral morphine per…

…takes no account of fat distribution. Waist circumference and the waist–hip ratio predict cardiometabolic risk better, particularly at a BMI between 25 and 35…

…Heart rate (BPM) Cycle length (ms) 20 3000 215 279 25 2400 220 273 30 2000 225 267 35 1714 230 261 40 1500 235…

…is demonstrated. ANOCA may occur in up to 70% of patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography, while approximately 25% of these patients have documented ischaemia. Among…

…most frequent cause, comprising approximately 20–25% of secondary hypertension cases. Coarctation of the aorta and renovascular disease are important non endocrine causes, particularly in…

…in properly selected patients. Tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg is a safe and effective alternative to alteplase and is simpler to administer, since the whole…

…Oral vancomycin (only for C. difficile) is likewise dosed independently of renal function. Require drug concentration monitoring Drug Comment : : Vancomycin (intravenous) Loading dose by weight…

… raised by anaemia, age and pregnancy Procalcitonin < 0.25 µg/L Supports a bacterial aetiology; used to guide antibiotic therapy Glucose and lipids Test…

…g (8 mmol) IV in torsades or hypomagnesaemia 25–50 mg/kg, maximum 2 g Calcium chloride 10 mL of 100 mg/mL in hyperkalaemia…

…the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second most important is to look for signs of perforation — Seidel's sign, an irregular pupil…

…18.5 Normal weight : 18.5 to 24.9 Overweight : 25 to 29.9 Obese : 30 and above Limitations of BMI Despite its widespread use…

…Initial dose: 1.25 mg iv. Increase as necessary. Maximum dose: 5 mg iv every six hours. Adverse effects Severe hypotension. Contraindications • Contraindicated in pregnancy…

…Infusion start dose: 25–50 μg/kg/min. Maximum infusion dose: 300 μg/kg/min. Bolus doses of 300 μg/kg can…

…hypertensive emergencies due to the high risk of reflex sympathetic stimulation. Drug Hydralazine Brand names Apresoline ®, Bidil ® Mechanism of action • Induces arteriolar vasodilation…

…onset of action 20 minutes Duration of action 5 to 8 hours Delivery IV Dose 1.25 to 5 mg IV followed by 2.5…

…IV Dose Infusion: Starting dose: 0.25 to 0.5 μg/kg/minute. Increased as necessary (increments of 0.5 μg/kg/min)…

…practice. In European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology 10 (1), pp. 1–25…

…the benefit of coronary intervention while limiting major and clinically relevant bleeding. Long term antiplatelet therapy after STEMI is associated with approximately a 25% reduction…

…analyses across different background therapies 17%–25% In patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease or familial hypercholesterolaemia, addition of bempedoic acid to statin therapy reduced LDL…

…As of March 25 (2020), there have been more than 530,000 individuals with confirmed COVID 19, of whom more than 33,000 have died…

…statin Additional 15–20% Ezetimibe with simvastatin after recent ACS Approximately 20–25% additional reduction compared with simvastatin monotherapy Bempedoic acid plus ezetimibe Approximately 38…

…of patients after ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), with rates approaching 25% after anterior MI. Thrombi may form early, within 48–72 hours of…

…In clinical practice, obesity is conventionally defined by a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2. Severe obesity is generally defined as BMI ≥35…

…10% of aborted fetuses, with no significant geographical variations. Roughly 25% of children with congenital heart disease require intervention during their first year of life…

…M mode 25% Normal FS, 2D measurement 18% Advantages of fractional shortening If ventricular geometry is normal and there are no regional wall motion abnormalities…

…of spontaneous or provokable elevated left ventricular (LV) filling pressures, defined invasively as a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) ≥15 mmHg at rest or ≥25…

…Figure 1. Stimulation artifact (red arrows) in ventricular pacing. 25 mm/s. In addition to stimulation artifacts, ventricular pacing yields wide QRS complexes with LBBB…

…paperspeed 25 mm/s. Figure 2 shows 12 lead ECGs demonstrating right and left bundle branch blocks. Figure 2. 50 mm/s. ECG examples of…

…adults, the x axis represents time (the paper speed is typically 25 mm/s or 50 mm/s) and the y axis represents amplitude (millivolts…

…The paper speed is 25 mm/s (1 large box equals 200 ms). The hallmark of both RBBB and LBBB is the QRS duration which…

…II. Figure 1 (below) shows normal sinus rhythm at a paper speed of 25 mm/s. Figure 1. Sinus rhythm. Paper speed 25 mm/s…

…to 15 25% of normal output ( Duggal et al ). This, in conjunction with defibrillation, is sufficient to resuscitate 10 15% of out of hospital cardiac…

…of breathing Use of accessory respiratory muscles or paradoxical abdominal breathing Impending muscle fatigue Respiratory rate above 25 to 30 per minute Increased risk of…

…oedema and mucus plugging. Expiratory flow limitation causes air trapping and dynamic hyperinflation. The consequences are increased work of breathing, exhaustion and, in the most…

Referensvärden A diagnosis of hypertension is not made on a single reading. It requires repeated measurements on at least two occasions, and preferably confirmation by…

…5 cmH₂O Increase the IPAP in steps of 2–3 cmH₂O every 5–10 min towards 20–25 cmH₂O according to tolerance and pCO₂ SpO₂…

…Always follow the local protocol for exact infusion rates, electrolyte concentrations and level of care. This quick reference is intended primarily for adults and summarises…

…35 mm. Q waves: pathological Q waves (≥ 0.03 s and/or an amplitude ≥ 25 % of the R wave amplitude in the same lead, in…

…early diastolic holodiastolic Quantification of jet Mild regurgitation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Jet width / LVOT width < 0.25 0.25 0.64 0.64…

Procedurer The value of the exercise test lies not in ST depression alone but in the overall picture : exercise capacity, symptoms, blood pressure response, heart…

…pressure can cause serious organ damage even at lower levels, particularly in pregnancy [1,2]. Malignant hypertension is not entirely synonymous with a hypertensive emergency…

…L) — choose the subcutaneous route if possible, otherwise give IM with a fine needle and 5 minutes of compression. Anticoagulant treatment is not in itself…

…about 7.20. Different targets apply when the intracranial pressure is raised: normocapnia (PaCO₂ 4.5–5.0 kPa) and avoidance of hypoxia, since hypercapnia…

…injection. A needle of 0.8–1.2 × 50 mm for large joints (knee, shoulder), 0.5–0.6 × 25 mm for small joints (wrist…

…the threshold, but the threshold varies between regions. Infection of the skin over the puncture site. Marked haemodynamic instability — stabilise the patient first. CT before…

…Method of interpretation Heart rate Heart rhythm The P wave The PR interval The QRS complex The ST segment The T wave The U wave…

…sample. Indications Diagnostic paracentesis: Newly detected ascites — always. Every admission of a patient with known ascites. Clinical deterioration in a cirrhotic patient with ascites: fever…

…pressure Marked respiratory variation in mitral and tricuspid inflow The echocardiographic counterpart of pulsus paradoxus Contraindications In overt tamponade with shock there are no absolute…

Procedurer Almost all the complications of pleural aspiration arise from two errors: the needle is placed in the wrong site, and too much is drained…

…early diastolic holodiastolic Quantification of regurgitant jet Mild regurgitation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Jet width / LVOT width < 0,25 0,25 0,64 0…

…LINEAR METHOD Endocardial fractional shortening, % 27–45 22–26 17–21 <16 25–43 20–24 15–19 <14 Midwall fractional shortening, % 15–23 13…

…practice. In European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology 10 (1), pp. 1–25…