…are as a rule left open. Facial bites can be sutured after careful debridement because of the cosmesis, often with antibiotic prophylaxis. Deep puncture wounds …

…after arterial puncture, technically more difficult with ultrasound Femoral vein Fastest, and does not interfere with ongoing CPR or airway management, no risk of pneumothorax…

…puncture site, known thrombosis in the target vein. With a mechanical tricuspid prosthesis the lead must not be passed through the valve. The order of…

…bacterial CNS infections states that CT must not be performed before lumbar puncture in suspected bacterial meningitis — not even with a reduced level of consciousness…

…Relative Skin infection, herpes zoster or burns over the puncture site Relative Mechanical ventilation with a high PEEP (an increased risk of pneumothorax; ultrasound guidance…

…the puncture went. Indications Unexplained cytopenia in one or more cell lines. Suspected acute leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm. Work up and staging of…

…joints (wrist, finger joints). A 20–50 mL syringe for a knee with a large effusion, 5–10 mL for smaller joints. Local anaesthesia of…

…Scan the left lower quadrant. Confirm at least 2–3 cm of free fluid depth with no bowel in the path of the needle and…

…the puncture site. An arm with an arteriovenous fistula, previous axillary clearance or lymphoedema. A limb with paresis or marked swelling. A vein suspected of…

…skin with a small amount of lidocaine without adrenaline (epinephrine). 3. Puncture 1–2 cm proximal to the wrist crease at an angle of 30…

…liver, lung or vessel lies in the path of the needle. Access Puncture site Direction Comment : : : : Subxiphoid 1–2 cm below and to the left

…sets of blood cultures from separate peripheral punctures. Also culture from a central line if one is present 4 Take a full blood count with…

…the overall picture : exercise capacity, symptoms, blood pressure response, heart rate response, arrhythmias and recovery. A patient who stops at a low workload with a…

…with the clinical picture, medication, fluid balance, renal function, electrolytes and supplemental oxygen [1]. Distinguish between: Acidaemia and alkalaemia , which describe the current pH of…

… cellulitis instead gives a diffuse oedematous picture without a demarcated fluid collection. Ultrasound also shows the depth of the cavity and its distance to vessels…

…often visual, auditory or tactile hallucinations with a relatively clear level of consciousness and preserved orientation 12 to 48 hours Withdrawal seizures, usually generalised tonic…

…how acute the condition is. A patient with a chronic plasma sodium of 112 mmol/L may be relatively unaffected, while a rapid fall from…

…care Intermediate–high Stable Yes Raised Admission with monitoring. Be prepared for rescue thrombolysis Intermediate–low Stable One of the two positive Admission Low Stable…

…The picture on the right shows color Doppler located across the mitral valve and the left atrium. The main advantage of color Doppler is that…

…acute stroke to identify large vessel occlusion, dissection or other vascular pathology CT perfusion Used with an unclear time of onset, a late time window…

…adrenaline never replace intramuscular adrenaline [1,2]. Delayed administration of adrenaline is associated with more severe and more protracted reactions, biphasic courses and fatal outcome…

…Subtype Typical picture Clinical significance : : : Hyperactive Agitation, motor restlessness, picking, calling out, irritability, hallucinations More easily detected, but accounts for a minority of cases Hypoactive…

…occur Mixed picture of DKA and HHS Overlap is common. Treat as mixed DKA and HHS if the patient has marked hyperosmolality together with significant…

…The grading must not be used mechanically. A patient with a plasma potassium of 6.2 mmol/L, new bradycardia and acute kidney injury may…

Endokrinologi & metabolism Akutsjukvård Lathundar Emergency overview Measure the plasma glucose immediately in everyone with a reduced level of consciousness, seizures, confusion, a change in behaviour…

…with a subungual haematoma — manage it as an open fracture. The anatomy of the nail apparatus The terminology is hard to follow without a picture…

…Chronic hypoperfusion with hibernating myocardium Post ischemic stunning Adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling Ischemic cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of heart failure with reduced ejection…

…permitted when assessing dietary electrolyte intake, because it can increase blood pressure and may affect interpretation of the clinical picture. A 24 hour urine collection…