…tomographic images of the left ventricle. In PET (Positron Emission Tomography), radiotracers emit positrons. When a positron collides with an electron, they annihilate each other…

…Definition and Clinical Purpose Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) is a radionuclide based method…

…combination with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) to assess myocardial perfusion and blood flow. These imaging modalities are highly…

…repertoire of available methods includes echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), cardiac computed tomography (CT), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission computed tomography (PET…

…recovery of ejection fraction, and survival has been challenged by randomized trials. Relationship between viability and LV recovery Observational studies and positron emission tomography (PET…

Procedurer The insertion itself is rarely the difficult part — it is the confirmation of the position that determines whether the tube is safe. A misplaced…

…that ensures that no other sound waves affect the transducer. The crystals are supported by a backing layer that suppresses the vibrations of the crystals…

…reflexes, vomiting with a risk of aspiration. Inadequate oxygenation despite maximal oxygen or non invasive ventilation. Inadequate ventilation with a rising pCO₂ and respiratory acidosis…

…from a previous value of at least 50%. A patient with persistently mildly reduced systolic function. This dynamic nature makes prior imaging particularly important when…

…tip, using the thumb and the forefinger, while remaining fingers stabilize the grip. The transducer tends to glide out of position due to the gel…

…but only if the examiner is trained. Brief attacks triggered by the position of the head relative to gravity: perform Dix Hallpike and, if needed…

…history, a positive Dix–Hallpike test and the absence of other neurological findings. The treatment is a repositioning manoeuvre. Indications Brief attacks of vertigo, seconds…

…Nitroprusside Figure 1. The approximate position of each drug according to its vasoconstrictor effect (vertical axis) and its positive inotropic effect (horizontal axis). Grey =…

…devices. Electrode position (anterior posterior vs. antero lateral) does not affect success, but active compression of the pads lowers defibrillation thresholds and improves success, and…

…refers to the measurement of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2 ) in the respiratory system. ETCO 2 is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO…

…such that the vein can be fully compressed in the supine position in a cardiac arrest. For women beyond the 20 th week of pregnancy…

…and dynamic hyperinflation. The consequences are increased work of breathing, exhaustion and, in the most severe cases, hypotension, pneumothorax and respiratory arrest [1]. The first…

…marrow — choose the other side). A patient who cannot lie still — plan for sedation rather than abandoning the procedure. Choice of site The posterior superior…

…that position until the cast has set. 2. Pull on the stockinette so that it extends a few centimetres beyond the planned ends of the…

…cooperate — consider sedation, a different position or a different vessel. Choice of site Vessel Advantages Disadvantages : : : Internal jugular vein (right) Best ultrasound conditions, a straight…

…equipment for confirming the position. For gastric lavage: a wide bore orogastric tube (Ch 28–32 in an adult), a funnel or a lavage system…

…or ruptured membranes in pregnancy — a speculum may be used, but not digital examination until the position of the placenta is known. Recent gynaecological surgery…

…important indication and an emergency procedure . An unclear arthritis, as part of the diagnostic work up. Haemarthrosis after trauma. A symptomatic effusion causing pain or…

…kills because the tube would not pass, but because the team keeps trying to intubate instead of changing the plan. The aim is always oxygenation…

…Only clinical signs of herniation halt the puncture, and antibiotics and a corticosteroid are then given immediately after blood cultures. For questions other than acute…

…Choose a point with at least 15 mm depth of fluid throughout the respiratory cycle and where the lung does not come up against the…

…afterwards whether a nerve injury was caused by the injury or by the treatment. Indications A clinically or radiologically confirmed dislocation of the shoulder, elbow…

…the recovery position when this is practicable. Give oxygen if hypoxaemic. Use a bag and mask if ventilation is inadequate. Monitor the saturation, respiratory rate…

…Position the pads, preferably anteroposteriorly : one anteriorly over the praecordium to the left of the sternum, the other on the back between the left scapula…

…Other mechanisms include thrombosis, embolism, vasculitis, fibromuscular dysplasia, arterial entrapment, cystic adventitial disease and trauma. Atherosclerotic PAD is a manifestation of systemic arterial disease rather…

…thorough questioning of eyewitnesses, and a complete physical and neurologic examination. Blood pressure and heart rate should be measured in the supine position and after…

…if there is suspicion of cervical spine injury, in which scenario head tilt chin lift should only be used if other methods fail to open…

…table below shows a systematic history taking in patients presenting with chest pain (chest discomfort) or other symptoms suggestive of the five conditions listed above…

…the chin up. Does the person breathe? Look for respiratory signs for 10 seconds. Palpation of pulses : carotid, femoral or radial artery. According to current…

…g cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cardiac computerized tomography (CT), ergospirometry (exercise stress testing), and cardiac catheterization. Principles of management of congenital heart disease and…

…heart in supine position) leads to an immediate increase in ejection fraction. Similarly, a decrease in afterload (e.g by means of decreased resistance in…

…blood tests and other radiological examinations are most often required, in particular computed tomography (DT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Anatomy of the pericardium…

…refers to inflammation of the myocardial (muscle) tissue. However, it is often difficult to differentiate pericarditis and myocarditis, and they tend to accompany each other…

…muscles are considered part of the left ventricular cavity. Other dimensions– including atrial dimensions, mitral annulus, aortic annulus, etc –are measured using the blood tissue…

…diastole. Deformation imaging has been implemented in clinical practice and is now widely recommended. This chapter discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of deformation (strain…

…state of knowledge on Takotsubo syndrome: a Position Statement from the Taskforce on Takotsubo Syndrome of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of…

…the left in the thorax. This positions the basal portion of the left lateral wall posteriorly in thorax (Figure 1). This area is most frequently…

…the left in the thorax. This positions the basal portion of the left lateral wall posteriorly in thorax (Figure 1). This area is most frequently…

…to ECG interpretation Standard display of ECG leads in the 12 lead ECG Numerous conditions that can be diagnosed using the 12 lead ECG require…