…gamma cameras to create tomographic images of the left ventricle. In PET (Positron Emission Tomography), radiotracers emit positrons. When a positron collides with an electron…

…Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) is a radionuclide based method for assessing regional myocardial…

…combination with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) to assess myocardial perfusion and blood flow. These imaging modalities are highly…

…cardiac computed tomography (CT), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission computed tomography (PET) and coronary angiography. These modalities aim to image the myocardium…

…recovery of ejection fraction, and survival has been challenged by randomized trials. Relationship between viability and LV recovery Observational studies and positron emission tomography (PET…

Procedurer The insertion itself is rarely the difficult part — it is the confirmation of the position that determines whether the tube is safe. A misplaced…

…pulses. Each pulse consists of a few sound waves emitted in 1 to 2 milliseconds. These sound waves travel through the skin, chest, pericardium, myocardium…

Procedurer What determines the outcome of an emergency intubation is rarely the laryngoscopy itself but what was done before it: how well the patient was…

…from a previous value of at least 50%. A patient with persistently mildly reduced systolic function. This dynamic nature makes prior imaging particularly important when…

…tip, using the thumb and the forefinger, while remaining fingers stabilize the grip. The transducer tends to glide out of position due to the gel…

…but only if the examiner is trained. Brief attacks triggered by the position of the head relative to gravity: perform Dix Hallpike and, if needed…

…side lying variant of the Dix–Hallpike test. Marked obesity or spinal disease that makes positioning impossible. Severe angina, heart failure or recent myocardial infarction…

…Nitroprusside Figure 1. The approximate position of each drug according to its vasoconstrictor effect (vertical axis) and its positive inotropic effect (horizontal axis). Grey =…

…devices. Electrode position (anterior posterior vs. antero lateral) does not affect success, but active compression of the pads lowers defibrillation thresholds and improves success, and…

…quality. Determining ventilation rate. Verifying the position of the tracheal tube. Evaluating the efficacy of chest compressions. Identifying return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Prognostication. Potential…

…such that the vein can be fully compressed in the supine position in a cardiac arrest. For women beyond the 20 th week of pregnancy…

…oedema and mucus plugging. Expiratory flow limitation causes air trapping and dynamic hyperinflation. The consequences are increased work of breathing, exhaustion and, in the most…

…What usually ruins the examination is not the technique but the handling of the specimen — an aspirate that clots before the smears are made is…

…that position until the cast has set. 2. Pull on the stockinette so that it extends a few centimetres beyond the planned ends of the…

…cooperate — consider sedation, a different position or a different vessel. Choice of site Vessel Advantages Disadvantages : : : Internal jugular vein (right) Best ultrasound conditions, a straight…

…in which the patient reaches hospital early. The benefit of both methods falls steeply with the time since ingestion, and both can harm the patient…

…or ruptured membranes in pregnancy — a speculum may be used, but not digital examination until the position of the placenta is known. Recent gynaecological surgery…

…important indication and an emergency procedure . An unclear arthritis, as part of the diagnostic work up. Haemarthrosis after trauma. A symptomatic effusion causing pain or…

…kills because the tube would not pass, but because the team keeps trying to intubate instead of changing the plan. The aim is always oxygenation…

…a lumbar puncture is rarely the needle itself. It is the decision whether to perform it now or after imaging, how the patient is positioned…

…below the upper border of the fluid, but never below the ninth rib . Procedure Ultrasound localisation 1. Scan in the position in which the patient…

…afterwards whether a nerve injury was caused by the injury or by the treatment. Indications A clinically or radiologically confirmed dislocation of the shoulder, elbow…

Neurologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar Definition and aims of treatment Convulsive status epilepticus in adults is present with: an ongoing generalised tonic clonic seizure lasting at least…

…pacemaker or to resolution of the underlying cause. Contraindications Hypothermia with a body temperature below about 30 °C — the hypothermic myocardium is irritable and pacing…

…promote atherosclerosis. The principal anatomical distributions are: Abdominal aorta and iliac arteries, involved in approximately 30% of symptomatic patients. Femoral and popliteal arteries, involved in…

…thorough questioning of eyewitnesses, and a complete physical and neurologic examination. Blood pressure and heart rate should be measured in the supine position and after…

…provide effective CPR due to the position of the victim, it is necessary to relocate the victim to a position where CPR can be performed…

…easily provoked after a meal? Symptoms provoked by (or after a period of) stress? Symptoms related to body position or respiration? Ischemic chest pain is…

…Relocate to a safe position if required. 2. Confirm cardiac arrest In case of a collapse (out of hospital or in hospital) the first task…

…the relationship of the great arteries (segmental analysis). Ventricular function is evaluated using ejection fraction, fractional shortening, stroke volume, and myocardial thickness. Strain imaging is…

…heart in supine position) leads to an immediate increase in ejection fraction. Similarly, a decrease in afterload (e.g by means of decreased resistance in…

…in particular computed tomography (DT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Anatomy of the pericardium The pericardium consists of a parietal layer and a visceral…

…tachycardia and anxiety; all of which are common in acute myocardial infarction. Clinical examination may reveal pericardial friction rub and the echocardiogram may show increased…

…of the sternum. It provides imaging planes of the long axis of the heart. Figure 2 illustrates the position of the transducer, the orientation of…

…quantification of regional myocardial function. These methods analyze the motion and deformation (change in shape) of the myocardium during systole and diastole. Deformation imaging has…

…elevation myocardial infarction. Due to their clinical presentation, these patients are immediately referred to angiography but no coronary artery occlusion can be identified. Injection of…

…posterolateral) acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) The heart is rotated 30° to the left in the thorax. This positions the basal portion of the left lateral…

…the left in the thorax. This positions the basal portion of the left lateral wall posteriorly in thorax (Figure 1). This area is most frequently…

…to ECG interpretation Standard display of ECG leads in the 12 lead ECG Numerous conditions that can be diagnosed using the 12 lead ECG require…