…gamma cameras to create tomographic images of the left ventricle. In PET (Positron Emission Tomography), radiotracers emit positrons. When a positron collides with an electron…

…Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Clinical Purpose Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) is…

…photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) to assess myocardial perfusion and blood flow. These imaging modalities are highly sensitive and specific…

…of available methods includes echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), cardiac computed tomography (CT), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission computed tomography (PET) and…

…recovery of ejection fraction, and survival has been challenged by randomized trials. Relationship between viability and LV recovery Observational studies and positron emission tomography (PET…

…direct instillation into the lung. No tube may be used before its position has been verified by an approved method, and auscultation is not such…

…principle of ultrasound imaging and echocardiography. Piezoelectric crystals The ultrasound waves are generated by ceramic crystals exhibiting piezoelectric properties (i.e piezoelectric crystals ). Thousands of…

…non invasive ventilation. Inadequate ventilation with a rising pCO₂ and respiratory acidosis, or a markedly increased work of breathing with impending exhaustion. Threatened airway obstruction…

…LVEF) of 41–49%. It occupies an intermediate position between heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), defined by an LVEF ≤40%, and heart failure…

…tip, using the thumb and the forefinger, while remaining fingers stabilize the grip. The transducer tends to glide out of position due to the gel…

…but only if the examiner is trained. Brief attacks triggered by the position of the head relative to gravity: perform Dix Hallpike and, if needed…

…The test presupposes that the patient has spontaneous nystagmus at the time of examination and that the examiner is experienced with the head impulse test…

…Nitroprusside Figure 1. The approximate position of each drug according to its vasoconstrictor effect (vertical axis) and its positive inotropic effect (horizontal axis). Grey =…

…post shock bradycardia, and use of biphasic defibrillators , which are standard due to superior efficacy over monophasic devices. Electrode position (anterior posterior vs. antero lateral…

…integrated view of ventilation , metabolism , and perfusion . Carbon dioxide, a byproduct of aerobic metabolism, is transported from the tissues back to the lungs where it…

CPR Cardiac arrest during pregnancy and childbirth All healthcare units capable of managing pregnant women in cardiac arrest should engage in specialized clinical training to…

…Cannot complete a sentence in one breath Single words or unable to speak Position and behaviour Can lie down or sit Often sits leaning forward…

…be small — a few tenths of a millilitre, at most about 0.5 mL. A larger volume draws in peripheral blood and dilutes the specimen…

…1. Place the joint at the angle the treatment requires before the cast is applied, and hold that position until the cast has set. 2…

…dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation. Repeated blood sampling during intensive care. Exhausted…

…reaches hospital early. The benefit of both methods falls steeply with the time since ingestion, and both can harm the patient through aspiration. Contact your…

…not digital examination until the position of the placenta is known. Recent gynaecological surgery. Preparation and equipment An examination couch with leg supports, and good…

…arthritis must be distinguished from crystal arthritis — the most important indication and an emergency procedure . An unclear arthritis, as part of the diagnostic work up…

…team keeps trying to intubate instead of changing the plan. The aim is always oxygenation, never intubation in itself — and every difficult airway algorithm is…

…whether to perform it now or after imaging, how the patient is positioned, which needle is chosen, and that the tubes go to the right…

…Scan in the position in which the patient is to be punctured. Identify the diaphragm, the liver or spleen, the lung and the fluid level…

…longer a joint remains dislocated, the harder the reduction becomes and the greater the risk of chondral and neurovascular injury. Aim for reduction within a…

Neurologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar Definition and aims of treatment Convulsive status epilepticus in adults is present with: an ongoing generalised tonic clonic seizure lasting at least…

…to the left of the sternum, the other on the back between the left scapula and the spine. The anterolateral position also works and is

…over 40 years of age, atherosclerosis is the predominant cause. Other mechanisms include thrombosis, embolism, vasculitis, fibromuscular dysplasia, arterial entrapment, cystic adventitial disease and trauma…

…supine position and after 3 minutes of standing to determine if orthostatic hypotension is present. High risk features on history include: New onset of chest…

…various interventions involved in BLS and ACLS. Intervention BLS or ACLS NNT to save 1 person Reference Early detection of cardiac arrest BLS 11 Berdowski…

…easily provoked after a meal? Symptoms provoked by (or after a period of) stress? Symptoms related to body position or respiration? Ischemic chest pain is…

…victim and bystanders. Relocate to a safe position if required. 2. Confirm cardiac arrest In case of a collapse (out of hospital or in hospital…

…magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cardiac computerized tomography (CT), ergospirometry (exercise stress testing), and cardiac catheterization. Principles of management of congenital heart disease and GUCH Complex…

…to calculate; if the left ventricle contains 100 ml of blood at the end of diastole and 40 ml is pumped out during systole, then…

…blood tests and other radiological examinations are most often required, in particular computed tomography (DT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Anatomy of the pericardium…

…by position. Nevertheless, the retrosternal chest pain in acute pericarditis is very similar to that in STEMI. The combination of retrosternal chest pain and ST…

…provides imaging planes of the long axis of the heart. Figure 2 illustrates the position of the transducer, the orientation of the index marker and…

…is routinely done to measure the velocity of the mitral annulus, which during systole travels towards the apex, and then recoils to its starting position…

…apical portion of the left ventricle is dilated (hence the term apical ballooning syndrome ). This syndrome was first descried in 1991 in Japan and the…

…the left in the thorax. This positions the basal portion of the left lateral wall posteriorly in thorax (Figure 1). This area is most frequently…

…the left in the thorax. This positions the basal portion of the left lateral wall posteriorly in thorax (Figure 1). This area is most frequently…

…exploring and the reference points must switch positions so that lead –aVR is equal to aVR upside down. It turns out that the use of…