CPR Sex : Male Age : 62 years History : Coronary bypass grafting; history of arrhythmias. Medications : beta blockers ECG 1 . Sinus rhythm interrupted by ventricular tachycardia (VT…

…bradycardia and tachycardia. Fridericia’s and Framingham formulas are often preferred in scenarios where a broader range of heart rates is encountered, as they may…

…Each recording presents two leads recorded simultaneously. Sex : Male Age : 43 years History : None Medications : None ECG 1 . Sinus rhythm interrupted by rapid ventricular tachycardia…

…anaesthesia. Bladder washout and continuous irrigation in macroscopic haematuria with clots (a three way catheter). Instillation therapy and contrast studies of the urinary tract. Wound…

…No treatment Low No treatment High 1 Oral anticoagulation (warfarin or NOAK 1 is considered for male patients with a score of 1 or more…

…observed in the fifth decade of life in several family members. Imaging studies did not reveal structural cardiac abnormalities, nor coronary artery disease. Another male…

…you can make yourself a textbook by downloading all their guidelines. Nevertheless, I recently read Recommendations for interpretation of 12 lead electrocardiogram in the athlete…

…e statistical models in which adjustment has been made for confounders) individuals with atrial fibrillation are at five times increased risk of stroke and two…

…ECG Case 1: Ventricular tachycardia progressing to ventricular fibrillation Below are sequential ECG recordings during a sudden cardiac arrest in a 43 year old male…

…best available for the neonatal period. The intervals are 98% confidence intervals (the mean is presented in the parenthesis). Values without confidence interval are simply…

…90% of AAAs larger than 4 cm are associated with atherosclerotic pathology. AAA prevalence increases with age and is approximately five times higher in males…

…the clinical importance of non fatal gastrointestinal and intracranial haemorrhage is substantial, particularly because the absolute cardiovascular benefit is small in many primary prevention populations…

…dominant inheritance is predominant in many cardiomyopathies and channelopathies. Nevertheless, apparently sporadic disease may result from: Incomplete penetrance of a variant inherited from a parent…

…commonly male and younger than those with HFpEF and have a greater likelihood of coronary artery disease, which is present in approximately 50–60% of…

…major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE), and improves walking distance. The role of PCSK9 inhibition in thoracic or abdominal aortic…

…the exercise effort is terminated. Reliability as a function of workload In order for the exercise test to be reliable, the patient must perform maximally…

…intake, body weight, male sex and salt intake. Population blood pressure increases in parallel with economic development and industrialization. The increasing prevalence of obesity, diabetes…

…as long QT interval . The upper reference limit for QTc interval is 460 ms in males and 470 ms in females. QTc intervals exceeding these…

…realize their shortcomings at their first encounter with an ECG in reality. Books that claim to make it "simple" can provide a quick entry point…

Referensvärden A diagnosis of hypertension is not made on a single reading. It requires repeated measurements on at least two occasions, and preferably confirmation by…

…errors make the reading useless without anyone noticing: the transducer is at the wrong height , and the system is incorrectly damped . Both are checked in…

…of the specimen — an aspirate that clots before the smears are made is unusable, no matter how well the puncture went. Indications Unexplained cytopenia in…

…no risk of pneumothorax Highest risk of thrombosis and contamination, immobilises the patient The right internal jugular vein is the first choice in most situations…

…The interpretation is made in the same systematic way as in adults, but against the age specific reference values below. Method of interpretation Heart rate…

…to be a melanoma can make the Breslow thickness unmeasurable and staging therefore impossible; a superficial punch in a case of bullous dermatosis misses the…

…10–20 mg 20–40 mg 1–2 mL The doses follow the summaries of product characteristics: Lederspan specifies 10–20 mg periarticularly in bursitis…

…that there is a ready made plan for what happens when the INR runs away or the patient bleeds. In Sweden the treatment is usually…

…If it is located near the atrioventricular node, activation of the atria will proceed in the opposite direction, which produces an inverted (retrograde) P wave…

…30% of males due to a lack of effective reflex response to posture, venous pooling, or external stimuli. The underlying pathophysiology is rooted in autonomic…

…over a joint. Pain relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture. Clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture despite a normal radiograph. Contraindications An…

…IPAP 12–15 and EPAP 4–5 cmH₂O Increase the IPAP in steps of 2–3 cmH₂O every 5–10 min towards 20–25 cmH₂O…

…deceased — in the donation register, on a donor card, or through statements made to the next of kin. Active malignancy with a risk of transmission…

…foreign body in the ear canal or the nasal cavity must be removed. The urgency varies: Object Urgency : : Button battery Immediately — leakage of fluid causes…

…to 1 mg/mL (1 mL made up to 10 mL with sodium chloride) before intravenous titration. Half of all opioid dosing errors arise at…

…and where no liver, lung or vessel lies in the path of the needle. Access Puncture site Direction Comment : : : : Subxiphoid 1–2 cm below and…

…is made. If the suspicion persists, antibiotics must be given within three hours. The evidence for an absolute one hour requirement is clearest in septic…

…complex. Brugada's algorithm If there is no RS complex in any chest lead (V1–V6) a diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia can be made. Otherwise…

…Active Ingredient(s) Cardiotoxicity Label Section DICT Concern Cardiac side effects Severity of cardiotoxicity Hyaluronic Acid HYALURONIC ACID HYALURONIC ACID NA no no ZYPREXA Relprevv…

…in the SYNTAX trial, patients with high scores had significantly higher mortality and MACE rates compared to those with low scores. Monitor Quality of Care…

…risk assessment. Key Variables in SYNTAX Score II Anatomical SYNTAX Score : Derived from the original SYNTAX Score, which evaluates the complexity of coronary lesions. Clinical…

…established. The source material identifies chronic intake of approximately 60 g daily in males and 40 g daily in females as capable of causing cardiomyopathy…

…of cardiovascular disease. The biological differences between females and males arise partly from the chromosomal distinction between XX and XY individuals and are reflected in…

…events (MACE) and stent thrombosis. Premature DAPT interruption is described as the strongest predictor of stent thrombosis in this setting. The duration of therapy requires…

…FH results from pathogenic variants affecting proteins in the hepatic LDL receptor pathway. Reduced cellular uptake and clearance of LDL leads to increased circulating LDL…

…In this group, structural abnormalities such as left atrial enlargement or left ventricular hypertrophy, or echocardiographic evidence of impaired filling, make the diagnosis more likely…

…in MACE is largely independent of baseline HbA1c or the magnitude of HbA1c reduction. 7 Instead, these agents exert multifaceted effects through direct activation of…

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pharmacological basis Ivabradine is a selective inhibitor of the If, or “funny,” current in sinoatrial node pacemaker cells. This current…

…duration exceeding 140 msec in males and 130 msec in females , along with slurring or notching of the mid QRS in at least two left…

…mortality in the cited international cohort evidence. Metabolic risk factors make a particularly large contribution to cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is a major component of this…

…redistributes blood to the gastrointestinal tract which reduces blood availability in the heart. Symptoms of ischemic heart disease are generally not related to body position…

…In cases of benign pneumothorax, positive pressure ventilation can precipitate a tension pneumothorax, leading to circulatory collapse. Diagnosis of a tension pneumothorax can be made…

Echocardiography Principles of image optimization in echocardiography In order to obtain optimal ultrasound images, it is necessary to adjust several parameters continuously during the examination…

…to Optimization of the Ultrasound Image). Additionally, a number of transducer movements can be made in order to focus on the region of interest and…

…In the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), the following two measurements are performed: Diameter of the aortic annulus : This measurement is made in the parasternal…

…SP, Frankel T, Cohn LH, Adams DH. Long term outcomes of tricuspid valve replacement in the current era. Ann Thorac Surg 2005;80:845–850.

…analgesia, or procedural sedation in advance. Inadequate analgesia is the commonest reason for an incompletely performed drainage. Procedure 1. Locate the centre of the fluctuance…

…earlier in patients with previous complicated withdrawal [4]. Untreated delirium tremens has historically carried a high mortality. With modern sedation, supportive treatment and treatment of…

…and in sync mode no shock at all is then delivered while the patient deteriorates. Indications Emergency, irrespective of duration and anticoagulation status: Tachyarrhythmia with…

…withdrawal carries a risk of rebound. The referring physician should have made this decision; document which applies. Nitroglycerin is continued; note it in the report…

…charcoal as a ready made suspension or as a powder for suspension in water. A glass of water between doses of charcoal makes the drink…