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Otoscopy and ear syringing

…the head and neck Fragile skin, poor healing Ear canal stenosis or exostoses Narrow and hard to reach Ongoing otitis externa Pain, spread of infection…

Laryngeal mask and difficult airway

…the larger , since a mask that is too small leaks and gives a poorer seal. Procedure Insertion of the laryngeal mask 1. Check the mask…

Nasogastric tube

…5. Ask the patient to flex the head forward and swallow repeatedly , preferably with sips of water if swallowing is safe. Advance the tube in…

Endotracheal intubation

…a rising pCO₂ and respiratory acidosis, or a markedly increased work of breathing with impending exhaustion. Threatened airway obstruction: inhalation injury, anaphylaxis, deep neck infection…

Pleural aspiration and chest drain

…arm abducted and the hand behind the head. All drains are inserted within the safe triangle (Figure 1). Outside it the risk of injuring the…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…in three lengths: short for children and slim limbs, medium for most adults, long for thick soft tissue and for the head of the humerus…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…depression, or untreated severe respiratory failure without the possibility of monitoring. Paralytic ileus and suspected obstructive ileus (an opioid can be given for the pain…

Edrophonium test

…gaze, or the number of seconds the patient can hold the head lifted off the couch. Filming before and during the test is helpful. A…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…failure — compression of both legs acutely increases preload. Untreated deep vein thrombosis in the acute phase. Septic phlebitis, ongoing soft tissue infection with systemic involvement…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…levels who had underlying cardiovascular disease, of which 69.4% died. Guo et al also report a significant association between troponin T levels and C…

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