…than for medical reasons: the cuff is in the wrong place, the electrodes come off, the patient has not kept a diary. The set up…

…the patient tenses up with pain, or because the operator pulls harder rather than more slowly. The neurovascular status must be documented before and after…

…persistent, long standing persistent and permanent—and is not determined solely by the apparent frequency or duration of documented episodes. The central therapeutic objective is…

…are concealed. A recurrent unclear wide or narrow complex tachycardia in which the mechanism needs to be documented before referral to an arrhythmia unit. Assessment…

…Lederspan 20 mg/mL) or methylprednisolone acetate (Depo Medrol 40 mg/mL). Triamcinolone acetonide (Kenacort T) has been out of stock for a long period —…

…for apparently healthy people or for individuals with elevated BP who do not already have a condition conferring sufficiently high cardiovascular risk. They should not…

…cardiovascular burden is particularly important because it may occur at a younger age, may not be fully captured by conventional risk scores and may be…

…the 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL). The injury is considered acute if there is a documented rise and/or fall of cTn values. However…

…as well as a greater prevalence of MVA. Symptoms may be persistent or episodic and may not follow a classical pattern of stable exertional angina…

…a meticulous assessment of vital signs is crucial. Exceptionally high survival rates have been documented in cases of accidental hypothermia followed by cardiac arrest. For…

…hypercapnia Follow the patient's prescription, if it is clinically reasonable Give oxygen if the patient is hypoxaemic. Oxygen is not a treatment for dyspnoea…

…whose bleeding is not stopped, and it is the time to haemorrhage control that determines the outcome. Indications Symptomatic anaemia, or a haemoglobin below the…

…follow the local setting instructions for the device available on the unit. Preparation and equipment A device capable of both CPAP and bilevel ventilation, or…

…Active malignancy with a risk of transmission (an individual assessment; certain tumour types are not a bar). Untreated generalised infection, or certain transmissible agents according…

…or documented well managed DOAC therapy with no missed doses. A single missed DOAC dose makes the pretreatment inadequate and the cardioversion must be postponed…

…7. Follow up with a meal or with continued glucose administration adapted to the cause. 8. Identify drugs, renal failure, alcohol, a missed meal, physical…

…not wait for a complete work up of the cause or for imaging. 6. Document the starting time, the baseline plasma sodium, the target for…

…do not delay the diagnosis and should be given, but document the examination findings before the dose. A plan for stopping must be documented when…

…pacing: burns or wounds in the area where the pads would go. Transvenous pacing: the relative contraindications are the same as for a central venous…

…adequate. For example, a patient with acute graft occlusion may report an abrupt reduction in walking distance before claudication, accompanied by moderate pain or paresthesia…

…to both arms or shoulders has a particularly strong association with myocardial infarction in the cited clinical data, although right arm radiation has not sho

…haemodynamic compromise and rhythm disturbance. The source material does not provide a specific examination profile or diagnostic physical signs for LMCAD. Diagnostic Assessment Coronary angiography…

…or signs, with or without ECG abnormalities and with or without an elevation in cardiac troponin. The underlying pathological mechanism is not restricted to a…

…Paul A. et al. (2017): Recommendations for Noninvasive Evaluation of Native Valvular Regurgitation. A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography Developed in Collaboration with…

…shaped or peaked pupil suggests perforation. Look for hyphaema — blood with a fluid level in the anterior chamber, best seen with the patient sitting up…

…No treatment Low No treatment High 1 Oral anticoagulation (warfarin or NOAK 1 is considered for male patients with a score of 1 or more…

…For details, refer to the chapter QT Duration and Corrected QT Interval. QTc Calculator Heart Rate QT Interval (in msec) Calculate QTc Values $(document…

…It is a PCI related myocardial infarction when angiography or autopsy documents thrombosis and the diagnostic criteria used for type 1 myocardial infarction are fulfilled…

…or active major bleeding is not suspected. 6. Call the PCI service immediately in STEMI, a STEMI equivalent or very high risk NSTEMI. 7. Document…

…In unknown time of onset, wake up stroke or a late time window: perform advanced imaging according to the local protocol. 11. Document weight, agent…

…Noradrenaline if the MAP remains below 65 mmHg or the hypotension is marked. Do not wait for a central venous catheter Continuously Reassess the mental…

…patient is not simultaneously on a DOAC, low molecular weight heparin and an antiplatelet agent without an indication. Interactions: strong P gp or CYP3A4 inhibitors…

…and document it. 10. Elevate the limb and inform the patient. Backslab or circumferential cast A dorsal backslab or another half slab for a fresh…

…be expected, that the area will be red and weeping for a week or so, and that hypopigmentation may be permanent. Document the consent. Procedure…

…not the end. In a frail older patient an apparently small insult — sleep deprivation, urinary retention or a new sedative drug, for example — may be…

…order well in advance). Atropine 0.5 mg for premedication, plus further atropine drawn up in a syringe as a standby dose. Glycopyrronium (Robinul) 0…

…lies not in ST depression alone but in the overall picture : exercise capacity, symptoms, blood pressure response, heart rate response, arrhythmias and recovery. A patient…

…down in parallel, otherwise hypoglycaemia will follow. Discharge without a plan. Document what has been changed, who is following it up and when. Sources American…

…septic shock, or a need for high dependency or intensive care 3 Take at least two sets of blood cultures from separate peripheral punctures. Also…

…investigation and drug treatment must proceed simultaneously. Do not wait for laboratory results, CT or EEG before the first dose of benzodiazepine is given. Airway…

…supply is good and a scar is stigmatising — up to about 24 hours is accepted in Swedish practice. The limit is not the clock but…

…elevation in any population (up to 90% of males aged 40 years or younger display this). Hence, the authors have confused a completely benign condition …

…References A recent consensus document has been issued by the European Society for Cardiology: Lyon et al: Current state of knowledge on Takotsubo syndrome: a…