…consent if the patient is awake, and scan the vessel with ultrasound before you drape — a thrombosed or non compressible vein changes the plan wh

…spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), or another occult structural abnormality. IVUS IVUS generates images by transmitting ultrasound from an intracoronary catheter and recording echoes reflected…

…s symptoms are non cardiac. In acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the angiographic culprit lesion may appear as an eccentric stenosis with scalloped or overhanging margins…

…the axillary or subclavian arteries may increase the risk of embolization. Risk assessment should be individualized. There are no absolute contraindications to coronary angiography in…

…in investigating right ventricular load. Pressure in the right atrium (right atrial pressure) With the PA catheter (Swan Ganz catheter), the right atrial pressure can…

…compressed nasal tampon (polyvinyl acetate) with a drawstring, absorbable alternatives (oxidised cellulose, a gelatin–thrombin matrix), a balloon catheter, or petroleum jelly impregnated ribbon gauze…

…the intensive care or coronary care unit, and the operating theatre. Careful electrocardiographic and haemodynamic monitoring with ECG, a central venous catheter and an arterial…

…order to obtain a central venous catheter. 4. Take samples for blood grouping and cross matching before transfusion if this can be done without delay…

…bleeding risk with gastrointestinal and urogenital tumours Marked renal failure Low molecular weight heparin with dose adjustment, or warfarin Subsegmental pulmonary embolism without deep vein…

…haematuria with clots (a three way catheter). Instillation therapy and contrast studies of the urinary tract. Wound healing with a sacral pressure sore or extensive…

…a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with…

…rise and/or fall in cTn values. An elevated cTn alone does not establish MI, because myocardial injury may occur without myocardial ischaemia. Non ischaemic…

…Management Definition and Clinical Characteristics Torsades de pointes (TdP) represents a multifactorial clinical entity typically associated with drug induced long QT syndrome (DI LQTS) [1]…

…air is substantial enough to compress the superior and inferior vena cava, impeding or halting venous return to the heart. In instances of tension pneumothorax…

…and cardiac catheterization. Principles of management of congenital heart disease and GUCH Complex malformations often require intervention (surgical or catheter based intervention). In addition to…

…with few exceptions. Prior to the Doppler era, hemodynamic assessments were performed by means of right heart catheterization (with Swan Ganz catheter [ pulmonary artery catheter…

…a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with…

…renal replacement therapy. The study found no significant differences between the two treatment groups with respect to either the primary or secondary outcomes. Primary outcome…

…dynamic sequence of ventricular activation. PMVT is frequently associated with acute myocardial ischemia, electrolyte derangements, or underlying channelopathies (e.g., Torsades de Pointes in Long…

…example during mechanical ventilation or severe metabolic derangement. Major surgery with expected blood loss or large volume shifts. Patients in whom non invasive measurement is…

…Mineral oil or lidocaine to kill an insect in the ear canal. A 30–60 mL syringe with a soft catheter and body temperature water…

…delayed — may justify charcoal later, in some cases up to 6 hours or more. Discuss this with the poison control centre. Gastric lavage is considered…

…with a local anaesthetic, and a decongestant nasal spray if the nasal passage is narrow. A 50–60 mL catheter syringe, a collection bag or…

…a 30–60 mL syringe with a soft irrigation catheter, or an electric ear irrigator with pressure limitation, body temperature water or saline ( 36–37…

…22 G needle, 20 mL and 50 mL syringes. Therapeutic drainage: a commercial paracentesis set or a catheter over needle, 16–18 G, connected to…

…and always urgent. A large pericardial effusion with symptoms despite medical treatment. Diagnostic drainage in suspected purulent pericarditis, tuberculosis or malignancy. Tamponade is a clinical…

…level or pause the drug according to local practice Relative Skin infection, herpes zoster or burns over the puncture site Relative Mechanical ventilation with a…

…within one hour in septic shock, or when sepsis is judged certain or highly likely. With possible sepsis without shock, a rapid targeted assessment is…

…for or against active cooling to 32–36 °C. The HYPERION result means that active hypothermia is still used in some units with a non…

…discovered complete heart block without current symptoms, alternating bundle branch block in acute anterior infarction, and before drugs or procedures with a known risk of…

…Urine dipstick with a pH scale, or urine pH measurement on a blood gas analyser. Blood gas equipment for arterial sampling. Urinary catheter with hourly…

…inflammatory disease Catheter based electrophysiological and structural cardiac procedures In patients with acute pericarditis, tamponade is uncommon when the cause is viral or idiopathic but…

…A coronary dissection that extends into the media or adventitia can compromise the true lumen and cause ischemia. Guiding catheter trauma is an additional mechanism…

…EAT) most commonly occurs in individuals with underlying structural or electrical heart disease. Less frequently, it may also present in individuals without identifiable cardiac disease…

…cardiac arrest Cardiac arrest associated with tamponade has an exceptionally poor prognosis. In the vast majority of these cases, the tamponade develops acutely or subacutely…