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Gynaecological examination and cervical smear

…all examinations of the breasts, the genitalia and the rectum. Ask about pregnancy, menstrual status, previous smear results and any previous conisation. Procedure Inspection The…

Abscess incision and drainage

…scalpel until pus appears. Take a culture from the wall of the cavity before irrigating. 5. Let the pus drain out. Empty it with gentle…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…or a damaged nail fold edge Nail avulsion and inspection of the nail bed, with suture of any nail bed laceration Contraindications There are no…

Central venous catheter

…never happens, and to make sure the catheter does not become the patient's next focus of infection. Indications Infusion of vesicant solutions: vasopressors, concentrated…

Wound suturing

…on the hand. These are as a rule left open. Facial bites can be sutured after careful debridement because of the cosmesis, often with antibiotic…

Short Synacthen test

…the day of the test can therefore be given dexamethasone. That is the practical key: the patient does not have to be left unprotected for…

Oesophageal ECG

…range of about 15–40 Hz , and adjust the gain so that the atrial deflections are clear without clipping. 4. Estimate the depth of insertion…

Common laboratory tests

…of thyroid disease; repeat it once the patient has recovered. Pitfalls Haemolysis raises the potassium, LDH and AST and lowers the haptoglobin. A tourniquet left…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…PH) is a heterogeneous pathophysiological disorder characterized primarily by elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure. It may arise from pulmonary vascular disease, left sided cardiac disease…

Paracentesis

…left side so that the fluid collects in the left flank. Have the patient empty the bladder first. Procedure Choice of insertion site The left…

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