…medium for most adults, long for thick soft tissue and for the head of the humerus. A pressure bag or a 50 mL syringe with…

…the head and neck Fragile skin, poor healing Ear canal stenosis or exostoses Narrow and hard to reach Ongoing otitis externa Pain, spread of infection…

Procedurer The insertion itself is rarely the difficult part — it is the confirmation of the position that determines whether the tube is safe. A misplaced…

…and respiratory acidosis, or a markedly increased work of breathing with impending exhaustion. Threatened airway obstruction: inhalation injury, anaphylaxis, deep neck infection, an expanding haematoma…

…local practice Relative Skin infection, herpes zoster or burns over the puncture site Relative Mechanical ventilation with a high PEEP (an increased risk of pneumothorax…

…undiluted syringe of 10 mg/mL makes small adjustments impossible. Procedure Intravenous titration in acute severe pain Practical points during titration: Give the injection slowly…

…larger , since a mask that is too small leaks and gives a poorer seal. Procedure Insertion of the laryngeal mask 1. Check the mask, remove…

…slowly. Rapid injection increases the risk of nicotinic effects with paradoxically increasing weakness. 6. Assess the chosen finding continuously during the window of effect, 40…

…al, JAMA Cardiology (2020). Guo et al reported that 27.8% (52 of 187 patients) had myocardial injury, defined as elevated troponin T levels (TnT)…

…foreign materials pose a high risk of infection. Approximately 20% of all endocarditis affect people with valve prostheses and among other cases 18% show significant…