…up and staging of lymphoma and myeloma. Suspected bone marrow metastasis. Assessment of treatment response and measurement of residual disease (MRD). Fever of unknown origin…

…samples can be taken at insertion; a blood gas and electrolytes can be interpreted, but some laboratories do not accept marrow blood in their analysers…

…of chemotherapy, but the timing varies considerably between regimens. Neutropenia can also be caused by haematological malignancy, stem cell transplantation, immunosuppressive drugs, radiotherapy, bone marrow…

…never happens, and to make sure the catheter does not become the patient's next focus of infection. Indications Infusion of vesicant solutions: vasopressors, concentrated…

Procedurer The insertion itself is rarely the difficult part — it is the confirmation of the position that determines whether the tube is safe. A misplaced…

…The commonest cause of wound infection is retained contamination, not poor suture technique — and the commonest cause of permanent loss of function is a tendon…

…caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Clinically this usually corresponds to an acute increase in the SOFA score of at least 2 points…

…or a damaged nail fold edge Nail avulsion and inspection of the nail bed, with suture of any nail bed laceration Contraindications There are no…

Echocardiography The echocardiographic examination The use of echocardiography has increased dramatically during the past few decades. Advances in echocardiography have been propelled by breakthroughs in…

…should include: palpation of peripheral pulses; auscultation for carotid, femoral, and abdominal bruits; bilateral brachial blood pressure measurement; cardiac auscultation; inspection of the legs and…