…these patients are immediately referred to angiography but no coronary artery occlusion can be identified. Injection of contrast media into the ventricle will instead reveal…

…same as for a central venous catheter — coagulopathy, infection at the puncture site, known thrombosis in the target vein. With a mechanical tricuspid prosthesis the…

…preferably with a local anaesthetic, and a decongestant nasal spray if the nasal passage is narrow. A 50–60 mL catheter syringe, a collection bag…

…emergency — but it should be changed or removed once the situation has stabilised. Preparation and equipment A central line set with a triple lumen catheter…

…mg/mL), sterile gloves, fenestrated drape; full sterile attire for therapeutic drainage with an indwelling catheter. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL, 5–10 mL, 25 G…

…insertion site. Insufficient collateral circulation to the hand. Vascular disease in the limb: marked peripheral arterial disease, Raynaud's phenomenon, thromboangiitis obliterans. An arm with…

…the head of the humerus. A pressure bag or a 50 mL syringe with a three way tap — intraosseous flow requires pressure ; gravity is not…

…risk of injury. Thoracostomy should be performed promptly following needle decompression. Thoracostomy with drainage typically serves as a stabilizing intervention. References Debehnke DJ, Hilander SJ…

…on the same side. A paretic limb — poorer absorption. Injection into an arm with a dialysis fistula. Preparation and equipment Hand disinfection; gloves where there…

…laryngeal mask of the correct size plus one size above and one below. Second generation masks with a separate drainage channel (i gel, LMA Supreme…