…The two pathways DBD DCD : : : Full name Donation after death by neurological criteria (total brain infarction) Donation after circulatory death Starting point A ventilated patient…

…Left main stenosis Known — perform the test only on a clear indication and with full preparedness Moderate to severe aortic stenosis without symptoms Individual assessment…

…always Pulsus paradoxus above 10 mmHg A fall in systolic blood pressure during inspiration; one of the most useful signs Low voltage on the ECG…

Njurmedicin Lathundar Acute management on call Acute kidney injury, AKI, is a syndrome of rapidly deteriorating renal function. Management is governed not by the creatinine…

…patients with diabetes and anyone with dizziness Definitions White coat hypertension: a raised office reading but normal readings at home or on 24 hour recording…

Procedurer Two things determine whether the procedure is safe: that synchronisation really is switched on when the shock is delivered, and that the thromboembolic risk…

…will fall outside. The ranges below are guide values for adults. The method and the laboratory determine the range — always use the range printed on…

…HEMORR₂HAGES bleeding risk score is a clinical tool developed to assess the risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) on anticoagulation therapy…

…with elevation of their diastolic pressures. Right sided filling becomes increasingly dependent on the fall in intrathoracic pressure during inspiration. The inspiratory increase in right…

…a full blood count with a differential, CRP, creatinine, electrolytes, liver function tests, glucose and lactate. Add a blood gas, coagulation tests and other investigations…

…and clinical role Exercise electrocardiographic testing is a standardized assessment in which a patient performs progressively increasing external work, usually on a treadmill, while symptoms…

…the World Health Organization in the mid 20th century, relying primarily on electrocardiographic criteria for epidemiological purposes. With the advent of highly sensitive cardiac biomarkers…

…numerous books and online resources fall into the trap of oversimplification. Physicians, nurses, paramedics and physician assistants who rely on such books will realize their…

…the signal disappears, deflate slowly (2 mmHg/s) and note the pressure at which the signal returns. Repeat on the other arm. 2. Ankle pressure…

…alcohol, a missed meal, physical activity and any other precipitating factor. Thresholds The thresholds below are used above all in diabetes. The severity of the…

…an opioid can be given for the pain, but the effect on the bowel must be taken into account). Known allergy to the preparation — rare…

…comorbidity and hypertension mediated organ damage (HMOD), rather than relying exclusively on the office pressure value. Blood pressure terminology Systolic blood pressure: the maximum arterial…

…Tachycardia: Classification, Underlying Etiologies, and Clinical Presentation Classification of Ventricular Tachycardia The classification of VT is fundamentally based on its duration, morphology, and hemodynamic consequences…

…autonomic reflexes that influence the haemodynamic result. Reflex tachycardia is the rule after a rapid fall in blood pressure. Drug Indications Dosing α1 β1 β2…

…is generally related to an atherothrombotic event, whereas Types 2–5 MI have other mechanisms of myocardial ischaemia and necrosis. Unstable angina (UA) represents myocardial…

…NSTEMI and UA hinges entirely on the presence of myocardial necrosis. NSTEMI is confirmed by a typical rise and/or fall of high sensitivity cardiac…

Akutsjukvård Psykiatri Lathundar Delirium in older adults: quick reference A quick reference for ward and on call physicians: recognise hypoactive delirium, stabilise the patient, work…

…a premature ventricular contraction. Classification of premature ventricular contractions When every other beat on the ECG is a premature ventricular complex (PVC), the rhythm is…

…2]. STEMI and other ECG patterns suggesting acute coronary occlusion are time dependent conditions. The decision on immediate reperfusion is based on symptoms, the ECG…

…be considered. The doses and Swedish thresholds below are based on the national guideline for the management of reperfusion treatment in ischaemic stroke, Nationell arbetsgrupp…

…protocol Avoid tight targets in inpatients. Hypoglycaemia on the ward is more dangerous than moderate hyperglycaemia over a few days. Principles Insulin component Function Who…

…in the left lower quadrant lateral to the rectus sheath, and a cell count plus albumin on the sample. Indications Diagnostic paracentesis: Newly detected ascites —…

…that bleeds because the edges are held apart. A wound through the full thickness of the dermis, particularly over joints and in cosmetically sensitive areas…

…High altitude sickness Aspiration Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Bronchospasm (asthma) Other : Coma Central hypoventilation syndromes Neuromuscular diseases Anemia The natural course of asphyxia Should…

…is prolonged after a premature beat). This yields more time to fill the ventricles with blood (increased ventricular filling). Persons with premature beats might perceive…

…mild. 6. Assess the indication for antibiotics on the basis of sputum purulence, the other cardinal symptoms and the severity of the illness. 7. Start…

…intravenous beta blocker Digoxin In heart failure or hypotension, or as an add on Slow onset. Dose reduction in renal failure and in old age…

…with haemodynamic compromise, whatever the current haemoglobin — haemoglobin falls late in acute haemorrhage and a normal value does not exclude significant blood loss. Massive haemorrhage…

…skin overlying the puncture site. Previous pelvic irradiation on the intended side (yields fibrotic, unrepresentative marrow — choose the other side). A patient who cannot lie…

…incompatible infusions. Haemodialysis, plasmapheresis or other extracorporeal therapy (requires a large bore dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure…

…Sampling for a suspected sexually transmitted infection — although chlamydia and gonorrhoea can be tested on urine or a self taken vaginal sample without a speculum…

…Anticoagulant treatment is not in itself a bar to vaccination. Relative: Lymphoedema or previous axillary clearance on the same side. A paretic limb — poorer absorption…

…are introduced, although the effect on 24 hour mortality is uncertain and the evidence for non traumatic bleeding is weaker [2,3,4]. Do the…

…60–90 % For acute severe hypoxaemia. Fill the bag before applying the mask Venturi mask 2–15 L/min depending on the valve 24, 28…

…of falls; anaemia and a known gastrointestinal source are investigated before starting. A referral or notification to the anticoagulation clinic, and a decision on who…

…Clinical Presentation and Symptoms The source material does not provide specific information on the clinical presentation and symptoms of the underlying conditions for which ACE…

…kidney function declines and as albuminuria increases. When eGFR falls below approximately 60–75 mL/min/1.73 m², the probability of coronary artery disease…

…regarded as a series of completely discrete diseases. Heart failure extends across the full range of LVEF, and echocardiographic measurement is subject to meaningful variability…

…stimulators, and other electronic equipment may also interfere with device function. The clinical consequences depend on the device, the patient's dependence on pacing, the…

…with plasma uric acid reduction of approximately 10% to 15% Possible effects on erythropoietin activity and erythropoiesis SGLT2 inhibition may also activate adenosine 5′ monophosphate…

…TdP is drug dependent, ranging between 1% and 8% for Class III antiarrhythmic agents depending on the specific drug and dosage [1]. Acute Management and…

…a dose of 30 ml/kg. Should fluid resuscitation fail to maintain a mean arterial pressure (MAP) above 65 mmHg, consider the initiation of vasopressor…

…mechanism. Sequential activation implies that the atria are activated first and they fill the ventricles with adequate volumes of blood before ventricular contraction commences. To…

…has an abrupt onset, although a brief warm up phase lasting approximately 5 to 10 seconds may precede the full tachycardia. It is characterized by…

…circumferential shortening (Figure 1C). Left ventricular function depends on a complex interaction between the muscle fibers in these layers, which collectively produces a highly efficient…

…is in. The three phases following a sudden cardiac arrest were described by Weisfeldt and Becker (2002). Drawing on physiology, observational and experimental studies, they…

…compressions ineffective. For instance, a traumatic hemorrhage can deplete intravascular volume to such an extent that chest compressions fail to generate stroke volumes. Consequently, addressing…

…drugs, and how many doses, has the patient taken? Is the patient on an inhaled corticosteroid or other anti inflammatory treatment? Previous intensive care, intubati

…rise. Often outpatient or brief inpatient follow up depending on the clinical picture Moderate 6.0 to 6.4 mmol/L ECG and cardiac monitoring…

…the "can't intubate, can't oxygenate" situation there are no contraindications — a laryngeal mask is inserted even with a full stomach. Preparation and equipment…

…falls, and functional deterioration may have greater consequences in frail patients. Clinical Assessment Frailty and Functional Status Treatment decisions should not be based on age…

…fail to demonstrate plaque disruption, intraluminal thrombus, or dissection. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) can reveal lesions that are not apparent on…

…of cervical spine injury, in which scenario head tilt chin lift should only be used if other methods fail to open the airway. Figure 1…

…However, full recovery of contractility may take hours to days. It is generally stated that myocardium resists 20 minutes of severe hypoxia before cell death…

…STEMI, actually have takotsubo. Previous studies reported that 98 out of 100 cases had full recovery. More recent studies has reported mortality rates reaching 4%…