…contact, attach continuous rhythm monitoring, secure intravenous access, assess the circulation and the bleeding risk, and exclude dangerous differential diagnoses [1,2]. STEMI and other…

…The nasal cannula, the simple mask and the reservoir mask deliver an FiO2 that varies with the patient's minute ventilation: a markedly hyperventilating pati

…imaging, the blood count or contact with the patient's own clinic delay empirical antibiotics [1]. A practical target: give the first dose of broad…

…is disputed and practice differs between units. Poisoning with other weak acids where the poison control centre recommends it, for example certain phenoxy acid herbicides…

…The local stroke protocol and immediate contact with the on call stroke consultant or the thrombectomy centre take precedence where there is a discrepancy or…

…discuss with the on call coagulation service Always in parallel: mechanical control of bleeding, tranexamic acid where it is not contraindicated, and contact with the…

…than baseline. Contact relatives, home care services, the residential care home or the previous care provider. 5. Confirm delirium with a structured instrument , for example…

…Figure 6. Tachyarrhythmia with ventricular pacing. Failure to capture Definition : pacing does not result in myocardial activation. Two types of failure to capture should be…

…Raynaud's phenomenon. Preparation and equipment Liquid nitrogen in a flask (−196 °C) and a cryospray gun with interchangeable nozzles, or a cryoprobe for contact…

…combination with circulatory compromise a rapidly falling haemoglobin after fluid treatment has been started a continuing transfusion requirement. A normal haemoglobin early on does not…

…with the time since ingestion, and both can harm the patient through aspiration. Contact your national or regional poison control centre before you decide, not…

…myocardium generates reflections with high amplitude and low Doppler shift. To analyze reflections from the myocardium, the ultrasound machine filters out all other reflected sound…

Procedurer A dislocation is reduced with muscle relaxation, not with force. The methods that work best exploit time, gravity and slow movement; those that fail…

Info This page summarises the most current recommendations for the management of acute coronary syndromes with persistent ST segment elevations (i.e STEMI, ST segment…

…access cannot be obtained quickly and parenteral treatment is needed. Prepare airway equipment and contact anaesthesia early with a prolonged seizure, repeated doses of benzodiazepine…

…A blood gas with lactate, two sets of blood cultures, and a culture from the likely focus 0 to 15 min Ringer's acetate for…

…Voiding problems in neurogenic bladder dysfunction, in the first instance with clean intermittent self catheterisation rather than an indwelling catheter. A catheter is not, however…

…7. Withdraw the needle at the same angle and press with a dry swab. Do not massage. Intramuscular — ventrogluteal The first choice for larger volumes…

…the frequency is reduced when studying distant objects). These concepts have been discussed in detail previously. The gain is regulated with TGC and gain control …

…the incoming products and contact with the blood bank. 3. Secure large bore access, or rapid central access, but do not delay transfusion or control…

…the tympanic membrane — including a history of grommets, ear discharge or pain on contact with water. A history of ear surgery in which the middle…

…main principle behind artificial pacemakers; i.e applying an external electrical current that depolarizes cells in contact with the lead tip, and thus generate an…

…or an intraocular foreign body — shield the eye with a rigid shield, give systemic antibiotics and contact an ophthalmologist urgently . A positive Seidel's sign…

…2. Confirm the potassium with a repeat sample, but do not delay treatment when there are ECG changes, circulatory compromise or a very strong clinical…

…is staffed around the clock for health care professionals. Contact the centre early in serious, unusual or unclear poisoning, with modified release preparations, mixed poisoning…

…or an intracranial aneurysm Contact the responsible specialist An aortic aneurysm 6 cm Relative — avoid forced manoeuvres An ongoing respiratory infection with a risk of…

…intravenous access, fluid and early contact with anaesthesia or intensive care Refractory anaphylaxis Persisting airway, respiratory or circulatory compromise despite two adequate intramuscular doses of…

…in a bleeding patient. A transfusion set with a filter. Blood components must not be given through a set without a filter. Sodium chloride 9…

…the assessment takes. The task of the health service is to give effect to the deceased person's wishes, not to persuade anyone. This article…

…Malaise Fever Pericardial or chest discomfort Leukocytosis Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate Pericardial effusion Pericardial pain is often sharp and pleuritic. It may worsen with inspiration…

…consideration of additional leads. Evaluation and Physical Examination At first medical contact, assessment should occur concurrently with acquisition of the initial ECG. Evaluation includes prompt…

…response system using your local emergency number. Contact the nearest intensive care unit with expertise in toxicological emergencies. Antidote Administer the specific antidote promptly upon…

…when the shock is delivered, and that the thromboembolic risk has been dealt with before the atria begin to contract again. An unsynchronised shock that…

…segment depression, ST segment elevation) and T wave changes . The reader may wish to view the video lecture on The ST segment, J point, J…

…half of the heart, it is important to familiarize yourself with the principles of hemodynamics and conditions prevailing on the right side. Echocardiography is the…

…into several sheets wrapping around the ventricle with varying orientation. This organization allows the left ventricle to contract in a highly sophisticated and effective way…

…Prognosis is generally worse when diabetes coexists with these conditions. However, the cardiovascular effects of SGLT2 inhibitors are not explained simply by their effects on…

…organized into several sheets that wrap around the ventricle with varying orientation. As explained below, this enables the ventricle to contract in several directions simultaneously…

…well with the severity and extent of ischemia. In the setting of moderate ischemia, the myocardium becomes hypokinetic, meaning that the ischemic segments contract less…

…any other underlying cause immediately. 9. Request ultrasound of the kidneys and urinary tract when a postrenal cause cannot confidently be excluded. 10. Contact nephrology…

…Contractile cells start to contract a few milliseconds after the start of the depolarization and they start relaxing a few milliseconds after the repolarization is…