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Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…contact, attach continuous rhythm monitoring, secure intravenous access, assess the circulation and the bleeding risk, and exclude dangerous differential diagnoses [1,2]. STEMI and other…

Oxygen therapy

…The nasal cannula, the simple mask and the reservoir mask deliver an FiO2 that varies with the patient's minute ventilation: a markedly hyperventilating pati

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…imaging, the blood count or contact with the patient's own clinic delay empirical antibiotics [1]. A practical target: give the first dose of broad…

Urinary alkalinisation

…is disputed and practice differs between units. Poisoning with other weak acids where the poison control centre recommends it, for example certain phenoxy acid herbicides…

Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…The local stroke protocol and immediate contact with the on call stroke consultant or the thrombectomy centre take precedence where there is a discrepancy or…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…discuss with the on call coagulation service Always in parallel: mechanical control of bleeding, tranexamic acid where it is not contraindicated, and contact with the…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…than baseline. Contact relatives, home care services, the residential care home or the previous care provider. 5. Confirm delirium with a structured instrument , for example…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…Figure 6. Tachyarrhythmia with ventricular pacing. Failure to capture Definition : pacing does not result in myocardial activation. Two types of failure to capture should be…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…Raynaud's phenomenon. Preparation and equipment Liquid nitrogen in a flask (−196 °C) and a cryospray gun with interchangeable nozzles, or a cryoprobe for contact…

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: quick reference

…combination with circulatory compromise a rapidly falling haemoglobin after fluid treatment has been started a continuing transfusion requirement. A normal haemoglobin early on does not…

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