…and more than 60% of the end diastolic volume can be ejected to the aorta. Figure 3. Myocardial contraction (shortening) occurs in three directions: longitudinally…

…ventricle with varying orientation. This organization allows the left ventricle to contract in a highly sophisticated and effective way (Figure 1). Myocardial fibers adjacent to…

…anticholinergics, opioids and salicylate — where gastric emptying is delayed — may justify charcoal later, in some cases up to 6 hours or more. Discuss this with…

…well delivered supportive treatment matters more than the antidote [1,2]. Telephone your national or regional poison control centre , which in most countries is staffed…

…measuring more than 10 mm at end diastole after AMI should prompt investigation for possible subacute cardiac rupture, particularly when the effusion develops in the…

…fibrillation, and cardioversion of fibrillation of unknown duration without anticoagulation can cause a stroke hours to weeks later. Everything else in the procedure is routine…

…between blood and myocardium in terms of the reflected ultrasound waves. (1) The velocity of myocardial motion is significantly lower than the velocity of blood…

…diagnosis. With a longer expected delay and a symptom duration of less than 12 hours, immediate fibrinolysis is recommended in the absence of contraindications, followed…

…within 48 hours Profound neutropenia A neutrophil count below 0.1 × 10⁹/L An expected high risk course Neutropenia expected to last longer than 7…

…medical contact. I B ECG monitoring should start immediately and a defibrillator must be ready. I B Consider connecting leads V7, V8 and V9 in…

…treatment in ischaemic stroke, Nationell arbetsgrupp Stroke (the national stroke working group), version 4 of 27 February 2024. The local stroke protocol and immediate contact…

…poisoning and severe withdrawal. 4. Establish whether the condition is new or clearly worse than baseline. Contact relatives, home care services, the residential care home…

…Tono Pen). Procedure Systematic examination 1. Visual acuity in each eye separately , with the patient's usual glasses and then through a pinhole. This is…

…without the classical ECG findings. A rapidly rising potassium is usually more dangerous than a corresponding stable chronic value [4]. The grading must not be…

…a risk of blood contact. An alcohol or chlorhexidine swab. Let the skin dry completely before inserting the needle — alcohol carried in with the needle…

…injury or disease, the response to initial treatment and the expected continued bleeding matters more than an exact estimate of blood loss [1]. Strong indications…

…below the ear. 4. Insert the catheter tip no more than 0.5 cm into the ear canal, not beyond the hair bearing skin. 5…

…the patient gets too little oxygen but that the prescription has no target — the nasal cannula stays in place for days without anyone asking why…

…so because the patient tenses up with pain, or because the operator pulls harder rather than more slowly. The neurovascular status must be documented before…

…volume increases by less than 0.025 L during the last second , or when the expiratory time has reached 15 seconds. In 2019 ATS/ERS…

…In placebo controlled trials, respiratory depression was no more common — and sometimes less common — after a benzodiazepine than with continued untreated status [3,4]. In…

…creatinine, CK in rhabdomyolysis, and salicylate concentration in poisoning. Procedure 1. Contact your national or regional poison control centre in poisoning before treatment is started…

…reduce urethral trauma. The balloon is filled with sterile water according to the volume printed on the catheter , usually 10 mL in adults. Do not…

…main principle behind artificial pacemakers; i.e applying an external electrical current that depolarizes cells in contact with the lead tip, and thus generate an…

…a postrenal cause cannot confidently be excluded. 10. Contact nephrology early in severe, progressive or diagnostically unclear AKI. Definition and staging according to KDIGO Acute…

…be suspected? Anaphylaxis is a clinical diagnosis. Treat as anaphylaxis in any of the following: 1. Acute onset of skin or mucosal symptoms , for example…

…Failing to ask when the last dose was taken. It matters more than the laboratory value. A normal INR and a normal APTT do not…

…g/L — a more liberal strategy gives worse outcomes A restrictive strategy is at least equivalent to a liberal one in virtually every group studied…

…Contact technique with a cryoprobe gives a deeper and more controlled freeze on flat surfaces; spray technique is better on irregular surfaces and in the…

…The donation process begins long before any retrieval: it begins when someone in the intensive care unit identifies a possible donor and the deceased person…

…output, respiration, chest findings, MAP and the response to every intervention Within 60 min Contact intensive care in shock, rapidly progressive organ dysfunction, respiratory failure…

…early mortality than non variceal bleeding [1,2]. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding can present as haematemesis, coffee ground vomiting or melaena. Haematochezia can occur in massive…

…is the first line diagnostic test in suspected acute coronary syndrome. It should be obtained immediately at first medical contact and interpreted within a target…

…following types of pacemaker dysfunction: Failure to capture (FTC) , which means that the pacemaker stimulations do not result in myocardial activation. Failure to pace (FTP) …

…Refrain from using activated charcoal if more than one hour has elapsed post ingestion unless the ingested substance has the propensity to form bezoars or…

…is important because it maximizes the contact surface between the transducer and the skin. Generous use of gel is recommended. In addition to the gel…

…sodium and glucose loss in approximately a 1:1 stoichiometric relationship. The resulting glucosuria and natriuresis reduce proximal tubular workload, contract plasma volume and modestly…

…the ventricular myocardium to contract simultaneously. Since the membrane potential is relatively unchanged during the plateau phase, the potential differences in the myocardium will be…

…by a repolarization (recovery). The action potential occurs in all cardiac cells but its appearance varies depending on cell type. During de and repolarization ions…

…integral aspect of virtually every echocardiographic examination. Wall motion is assessed in each segment of the left ventricle (Figure 1; refer to Segments of the…

…majority of all ventricular myocardium to contract simultaneously. For this to be possible, the right leg must be intact. In the case ofblockade of the…