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Myocardial Mechanics: Structure and Function of Myocardial Fibers

…and more than 60% of the end diastolic volume can be ejected to the aorta. Figure 3. Myocardial contraction (shortening) occurs in three directions: longitudinally…

Strain, strain rate and speckle tracking: Myocardial deformation

…ventricle with varying orientation. This organization allows the left ventricle to contract in a highly sophisticated and effective way (Figure 1). Myocardial fibers adjacent to…

Gastric lavage and activated charcoal

…anticholinergics, opioids and salicylate — where gastric emptying is delayed — may justify charcoal later, in some cases up to 6 hours or more. Discuss this with…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…well delivered supportive treatment matters more than the antidote [1,2]. Telephone your national or regional poison control centre , which in most countries is staffed…

Post-Infarction Pericarditis and Dressler Syndrome

…measuring more than 10 mm at end diastole after AMI should prompt investigation for possible subacute cardiac rupture, particularly when the effusion develops in the…

Electrical cardioversion

…fibrillation, and cardioversion of fibrillation of unknown duration without anticoagulation can cause a stroke hours to weeks later. Everything else in the procedure is routine…

Tissue Doppler (Tissue Velocity Imaging)

…between blood and myocardium in terms of the reflected ultrasound waves. (1) The velocity of myocardial motion is significantly lower than the velocity of blood…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…diagnosis. With a longer expected delay and a symptom duration of less than 12 hours, immediate fibrinolysis is recommended in the absence of contraindications, followed…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…within 48 hours Profound neutropenia A neutrophil count below 0.1 × 10⁹/L An expected high risk course Neutropenia expected to last longer than 7…

🟠 Management of STEMI (ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction)

…medical contact. I B ECG monitoring should start immediately and a defibrillator must be ready. I B Consider connecting leads V7, V8 and V9 in…

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