…alkalosis or an arterial pH above 7.55 already before starting. Severe hypernatraemia. Preparation and equipment Two peripheral venous cannulas, or a central venous catheter…

…lowering the room temperature, a fan, paracetamol, cold infusions. A ventilator, an arterial line, a central venous catheter, ECG monitoring, blood gases. Drugs for sedation…

…incompatible infusions. Haemodialysis, plasmapheresis or other extracorporeal therapy (requires a large bore dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure…

…PiCCO, central venous catheter). The hemodynamic effects persist for 7–10 days after the end of infusion. Refer to Table 2 for a comparison between…

…ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG, central vein catheter and intra arterial catheter (A line) is…

…ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG, central vein catheter and intra arterial catheter (A line) is…

…burns or wounds in the area where the pads would go. Transvenous pacing: the relative contraindications are the same as for a central venous catheter…

…tissue prolapse, thrombus, or other acute complications; investigation of restenosis and stent thrombosis. Intravascular imaging may also clarify the mechanism of an acute coronary syndrome…

…angiography alone. It is particularly useful when ACS occurs without significant obstructive CAD or when more than one potential culprit lesion is present. Clinical Indications…

…procedure in which contrast media are injected selectively into the epicardial coronary arteries through a catheter advanced from a peripheral artery to the aortic root…

…the presence of right ventricular load. This condition implies that the right ventricle is pressure and/or volume loaded. The load itself leads to impaired…

…oxidised cellulose, a gelatin–thrombin matrix), a balloon catheter, or petroleum jelly impregnated ribbon gauze. Antibiotic ointment (for example mupirocin or bacitracin), saline, and an…

…the intensive care or coronary care unit, and the operating theatre. Careful electrocardiographic and haemodynamic monitoring with ECG, a central venous catheter and an arterial…

…bore access, or rapid central access, but do not delay transfusion or control of the bleeding in order to obtain a central venous catheter. 4…

…dose are according to the local protocol. Alternatives when there is a contraindication: catheter directed treatment or surgical embolectomy where available. A vasopressor (noradrenaline) and…

…rather than an indwelling catheter. A catheter is not, however, indicated for incontinence as the sole reason, for convenience where the workload is heavy, or…

…Stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage Takotsubo syndrome Pulmonary embolism Recent coronary revascularization Infiltrative disease, such as amyloidosis or sarcoidosis Other cardiac procedures Chemotherapeutic agents Catheter ablation…

…However, the context indicates that if pharmacological therapy is inadequate, escalation to catheter ablation or mechanical circulatory support remains a viable therapeutic pathway [4]. Furthermore…

…cannula is inserted into the 4th or 5th intercostal space along the anterior axillary line. Thoracostomy This method is generally deemed safer than using a…

…and cardiac catheterization. Principles of management of congenital heart disease and GUCH Complex malformations often require intervention (surgical or catheter based intervention). In addition to…

…uses to calculate various hemodynamic parameters. The Doppler effect The central principle to all hemodynamic calculations is the Doppler effect, which was discussed previously (see…

…of ischemic heart disease or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Sustained VT: Defined as VT lasting longer than 30 seconds or requiring termination earlier…

…disease in the limb: marked peripheral arterial disease, Raynaud's phenomenon, thromboangiitis obliterans. An arm with an AV fistula or with planned vascular access for…

…Suction with Frazier tips of various sizes. A balloon catheter (a 5–6 Fr Fogarty or a Katz extractor). A local anaesthetic with a vasoconstrictor…

…catheter syringe, and equipment for confirming the position. For gastric lavage: a wide bore orogastric tube (Ch 28–32 in an adult), a funnel or…

…and a decongestant nasal spray if the nasal passage is narrow. A 50–60 mL catheter syringe, a collection bag or suction, and a clamp…

…below the ear. 4. Insert the catheter tip no more than 0.5 cm into the ear canal, not beyond the hair bearing skin. 5…

…22 G needle, 20 mL and 50 mL syringes. Therapeutic drainage: a commercial paracentesis set or a catheter over needle, 16–18 G, connected to…

…pulsus paradoxus Contraindications In overt tamponade with shock there are no absolute contraindications other than the conditions in which the procedure is the wrong treatment :…

…All drains are inserted within the safe triangle (Figure 1). Outside it the risk of injuring the diaphragm, liver, spleen or internal thoracic artery increases…

…if the MAP remains below 65 mmHg or the hypotension is marked. Do not wait for a central venous catheter Continuously Reassess the mental state…

…inflammatory disease Catheter based electrophysiological and structural cardiac procedures In patients with acute pericarditis, tamponade is uncommon when the cause is viral or idiopathic but…

…Occlusion or impaired perfusion in a vessel supplying a large viable territory is more likely to produce rapid hemodynamic deterioration than a similar angiographic abnormality…

…IC, or III antiarrhythmic agents may be considered. Catheter ablation should be considered in patients with a high risk of recurrence. Electrical cardioversion is generally…

…effective than thoracotomy. This is because it does not ensure complete drainage of the pericardium, and needles or catheters are at risk of bending or…