…changed or removed once the situation has stabilised. Preparation and equipment A central line set with a triple lumen catheter, usually 7 Fr. Catheter length…

…SCAD), or another occult structural abnormality. IVUS IVUS generates images by transmitting ultrasound from an intracoronary catheter and recording echoes reflected from the vessel wall…

…injection under fluoroscopy. The procedure is performed by advancing guidewires and diagnostic catheters from a percutaneous arterial access site to the aortic root, engaging the…

…in the general sense; the decision depends on balancing the expected diagnostic or therapeutic benefit against the patient’s specific procedural risks. Vascular access and…

…the presence of right ventricular load. This condition implies that the right ventricle is pressure and/or volume loaded. The load itself leads to impaired…

…oxidised cellulose, a gelatin–thrombin matrix), a balloon catheter, or petroleum jelly impregnated ribbon gauze. Antibiotic ointment (for example mupirocin or bacitracin), saline, and an…

…the intensive care or coronary care unit, and the operating theatre. Careful electrocardiographic and haemodynamic monitoring with ECG, a central venous catheter and an arterial…

…bore access, or rapid central access, but do not delay transfusion or control of the bleeding in order to obtain a central venous catheter. 4…

…dose are according to the local protocol. Alternatives when there is a contraindication: catheter directed treatment or surgical embolectomy where available. A vasopressor (noradrenaline) and…

…clots (a three way catheter). Instillation therapy and contrast studies of the urinary tract. Wound healing with a sacral pressure sore or extensive perineal wounds…

…ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG, central vein catheter and intra arterial catheter (A line) is…

…Stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage Takotsubo syndrome Pulmonary embolism Recent coronary revascularization Infiltrative disease, such as amyloidosis or sarcoidosis Other cardiac procedures Chemotherapeutic agents Catheter ablation…

…However, the context indicates that if pharmacological therapy is inadequate, escalation to catheter ablation or mechanical circulatory support remains a viable therapeutic pathway [4]. Furthermore…

…air is substantial enough to compress the superior and inferior vena cava, impeding or halting venous return to the heart. In instances of tension pneumothorax…

…and cardiac catheterization. Principles of management of congenital heart disease and GUCH Complex malformations often require intervention (surgical or catheter based intervention). In addition to…

…exceptions. Prior to the Doppler era, hemodynamic assessments were performed by means of right heart catheterization (with Swan Ganz catheter [ pulmonary artery catheter ]). However, hemodynamic…

…ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG, central vein catheter and intra arterial catheter (A line) is…

…arterial line, PiCCO, central venous catheter). The hemodynamic effects persist for 7–10 days after the end of infusion. Refer to Table 2 for a…

…trials, the field has transitioned from a predominantly pharmacological strategy to one that heavily integrates early catheter ablation and sophisticated device therapy [1] [2] . This…

…be confused with a venous access. Indications Continuous blood pressure monitoring in haemodynamic instability or during ongoing vasoactive treatment. Conditions in which blood pressure must…

…Suction with Frazier tips of various sizes. A balloon catheter (a 5–6 Fr Fogarty or a Katz extractor). A local anaesthetic with a vasoconstrictor…

…catheter syringe, and equipment for confirming the position. For gastric lavage: a wide bore orogastric tube (Ch 28–32 in an adult), a funnel or…

…and a decongestant nasal spray if the nasal passage is narrow. A 50–60 mL catheter syringe, a collection bag or suction, and a clamp…

…30–60 mL syringe with a soft irrigation catheter, or an electric ear irrigator with pressure limitation, body temperature water or saline ( 36–37 °C …

…layers. Diagnostic tap: 21–22 G needle, 20 mL and 50 mL syringes. Therapeutic drainage: a commercial paracentesis set or a catheter over needle, 16…

…large pericardial effusion with symptoms despite medical treatment. Diagnostic drainage in suspected purulent pericarditis, tuberculosis or malignancy. Tamponade is a clinical diagnosis supported by echocardiography…

…liver, spleen or internal thoracic artery increases. For diagnostic aspiration the point chosen is instead where the ultrasound shows the most fluid, usually in the…

…if the MAP remains below 65 mmHg or the hypotension is marked. Do not wait for a central venous catheter Continuously Reassess the mental state…

…miss the fever. Equipment for temperature control: automated surface cooling with gel pads or a blanket, or alternatively an intravascular cooling catheter . Both are controlled…

…burns or wounds in the area where the pads would go. Transvenous pacing: the relative contraindications are the same as for a central venous catheter…

…or urine pH measurement on a blood gas analyser. Blood gas equipment for arterial sampling. Urinary catheter with hourly urine output measurement — the treatment cannot…

…inflammatory disease Catheter based electrophysiological and structural cardiac procedures In patients with acute pericarditis, tamponade is uncommon when the cause is viral or idiopathic but…

…coronary dissection that extends into the media or adventitia can compromise the true lumen and cause ischemia. Guiding catheter trauma is an additional mechanism of…

…IC, or III antiarrhythmic agents may be considered. Catheter ablation should be considered in patients with a high risk of recurrence. Electrical cardioversion is generally…

…does not ensure complete drainage of the pericardium, and needles or catheters are at risk of bending or damage during chest compressions. References DeBehnke DJ…