…Haemodialysis, plasmapheresis or other extracorporeal therapy (requires a large bore dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central…

…tissue prolapse, thrombus, or other acute complications; investigation of restenosis and stent thrombosis. Intravascular imaging may also clarify the mechanism of an acute coronary syndrome…

…angiography alone. It is particularly useful when ACS occurs without significant obstructive CAD or when more than one potential culprit lesion is present. Clinical Indications…

…more frequent during PCI than during purely diagnostic angiography. Elective PCI has reported mortality of 0.1–0.3%, large myocardial infarction in fewer than…

…the presence of right ventricular load. This condition implies that the right ventricle is pressure and/or volume loaded. The load itself leads to impaired…

…oxidised cellulose, a gelatin–thrombin matrix), a balloon catheter, or petroleum jelly impregnated ribbon gauze. Antibiotic ointment (for example mupirocin or bacitracin), saline, and an…

…the intensive care or coronary care unit, and the operating theatre. Careful electrocardiographic and haemodynamic monitoring with ECG, a central venous catheter and an arterial…

…the pattern of injury or disease, the response to initial treatment and the expected continued bleeding matters more than an exact estimate of blood loss…

…dose are according to the local protocol. Alternatives when there is a contraindication: catheter directed treatment or surgical embolectomy where available. A vasopressor (noradrenaline) and…

…rather than an indwelling catheter. A catheter is not, however, indicated for incontinence as the sole reason, for convenience where the workload is heavy, or…

…ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG, central vein catheter and intra arterial catheter (A line) is…

…Stroke or subarachnoid haemorrhage Takotsubo syndrome Pulmonary embolism Recent coronary revascularization Infiltrative disease, such as amyloidosis or sarcoidosis Other cardiac procedures Chemotherapeutic agents Catheter ablation…

…However, the context indicates that if pharmacological therapy is inadequate, escalation to catheter ablation or mechanical circulatory support remains a viable therapeutic pathway [4]. Furthermore…

…inserted into the 4th or 5th intercostal space along the anterior axillary line. Thoracostomy This method is generally deemed safer than using a needle due…

…and cardiac catheterization. Principles of management of congenital heart disease and GUCH Complex malformations often require intervention (surgical or catheter based intervention). In addition to…

…moving towards the sound source, will be reflected with higher frequency than the sound waves emitted from the sound source. Sound waves that hit an…

…ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG, central vein catheter and intra arterial catheter (A line) is…

…providing extended therapeutic benefits. 2 Infusion of levosimendan can be repeated at 2 6 weeks intervals, or more frequently, as individually appropriate. 3 Important study…

…3] . By Duration: Non sustained VT (NSVT): Defined as three or more consecutive ventricular beats at a rate exceeding 100 beats per minute (bpm), which…

…are poor and the median nerve lies close by. Preparation and equipment Arterial catheter, usually 20 G in an adult; a smaller size in children…

…ENT must be contacted urgently rather than a routine referral being made. Two or more magnets constitute the same kind of urgency by a different…

…where gastric emptying is delayed — may justify charcoal later, in some cases up to 6 hours or more. Discuss this with the poison control centre…

…and a decongestant nasal spray if the nasal passage is narrow. A 50–60 mL catheter syringe, a collection bag or suction, and a clamp…

…below the ear. 4. Insert the catheter tip no more than 0.5 cm into the ear canal, not beyond the hair bearing skin. 5…

…layers. Diagnostic tap: 21–22 G needle, 20 mL and 50 mL syringes. Therapeutic drainage: a commercial paracentesis set or a catheter over needle, 16…

…pulsus paradoxus Contraindications In overt tamponade with shock there are no absolute contraindications other than the conditions in which the procedure is the wrong treatment :…

…Chest drainage: empyema, complicated parapneumonic effusion with a pH below 7.20, haemothorax, a symptomatic or large pneumothorax, recurrent malignant effusion (often combined with pleurodesis…

…if the MAP remains below 65 mmHg or the hypotension is marked. Do not wait for a central venous catheter Continuously Reassess the mental state…

…at ≥ 37.8 °C) No difference in 6 month mortality or functional outcome; more arrhythmias with haemodynamic compromise in the hypothermia group HYPERION (2019) 33…

…pacing is chosen when the need is more than brief: continuing pacing dependence, inadequate or unachievable transcutaneous capture, or when the patient cannot tolerate the…

…oedema and other conditions with a high risk of fluid overload — a relative contraindication requiring invasive monitoring and slower administration. Significant metabolic alkalosis or an…

…Catheter based electrophysiological and structural cardiac procedures In patients with acute pericarditis, tamponade is uncommon when the cause is viral or idiopathic but is more…

…Occlusion or impaired perfusion in a vessel supplying a large viable territory is more likely to produce rapid hemodynamic deterioration than a similar angiographic abnormality…

…IC, or III antiarrhythmic agents may be considered. Catheter ablation should be considered in patients with a high risk of recurrence. Electrical cardioversion is generally…

…effective than thoracotomy. This is because it does not ensure complete drainage of the pericardium, and needles or catheters are at risk of bending or…