…A small or uncooperative child Movement causes injury Preparation and equipment Otoscopy: an otoscope with a charged battery and clean disposable specula in several sizes…

…and mortality, as well as limb complications. Atherosclerotic lesions generally affect large and medium sized arteries. Pathological features include plaque formation with calcium deposition, medial…

…site : : : : Deltoid, adult 23–25 G, 25 mm 90° 1–2 mL Deltoid, BMI 35 or a large arm 23 G, 38 mm 90° 1…

…Preparation and equipment Arterial catheter, usually 20 G in an adult; a smaller size in children. A set with an integrated guidewire (Seldinger technique) helps…

…cm) : : : Adult woman 7.0–7.5 21 Adult man 7.5–8.0 23 Child, cuffed tube age/4 + 3.5 tube size × 3…

…inflate and are chosen on weight alone. When in doubt between two sizes in an adult: choose the larger , since a mask that is too…

…Measurement Who should be tested? Current recommendations support measuring Lp(a) at least once in every adult’s lifetime. Testing is particularly relevant in: individuals…

…restoration of coronary blood flow to the infarct zone, thereby limiting infarct size and preserving myocardial function. The benefit of reperfusion is strongly time dependent…

…perivalvular (adjacent to the valves), etc. Cardiac tumors cause nonspecific symptoms that depend on the size of the tumor, localization, hemodynamic effects and possible impact…

…C = total cholesterol − HDL C Apolipoprotein B (apoB) reflects the concentration of circulating atherogenic particles because each apoB containing particle carries one apoB molecule…

…keep still. Sedation is usually better than physical restraint — ketamine provides both immobilisation and less psychological trauma than being held down by three adults. Procedure…

…never through the nose. Preparation and equipment A tube of a suitable size. A wide bore tube (Ch 14–18) of polyvinyl chloride for decompression…

…fluid or blood products. Contrast medium for CT (this requires a large bore cannula in a suitable vein). Standby access in a patient at risk…

…Indications Acute urinary retention. Chronic urinary retention with renal impairment or a large residual volume. A need for accurate measurement of urine output in a…

…adult Abnormal relaxation (grade 1 dysfunction) Pseudonormal (grade 2 dysfunction) Reversible restrictive filling (grade 3 dysfunction) Irreversible restrictive filling (grade 4 dysfunction) E/A ratio…

…interval. Several formulas exist to calculate QTc, each with its own characteristics. Bazett’s formula One of the earliest and most widely used correction methods…

…combination with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is indicated for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in adult patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including: Unstable angina (UA…

…are taken from the recommendations of Strama Stockholm for the empirical antibiotic treatment of adults in hospital and in residential care homes (SÄBO) 2025/2026…

…be documented when the drug is started. Sources WHO guidelines on the pharmacological management of pain. The summary of product characteristics for each opioid preparation.

…the newborn differ markedly from adult reference values and normalise gradually through childhood. The interpretation is made in the same systematic way as in adults…

…is indicated for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in adult patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or a prior heart attack and a high risk…

…due to the advent of more efficacious agents with wider therapeutic to toxic windows, and its routine use in adult patients is generally discouraged. However…

…relieve pressure on the major vessels. A large uterus exerts pressure on the descending aorta and vena cava inferior . The pressure in the vena cava…

…Transfusion thresholds in the stable, non bleeding patient Patient category Transfusion threshold (Hb) : : Most stable adult inpatients, including intensive care 70 g/L Known cardiovascular…

Procedurer The doses below apply to adults unless otherwise stated, and paediatric doses are given per kilogram with the stated maximum. Always check against the…

…worldwide. In developed nations, the prevalence of HF is approximately 1–2% in the general adult population, but this figure rises steeply with age, exceeding…

…normal and pathological pediatric and neonatal ECG The neonatal and pediatric electrocardiogram (ECG) is interpreted using the same principles as in ECG interpretation in adults…

…the electrical signals generated in the myocardium. The same ECG grid is used in children and adult patients. Recommendations for ECG recording in children Pediatric…

…less lung tissue covering the heart. Some images in adult TTE are obtained with the patient in the supine position. In order to obtain the…

…because cardiometabolic risk appears at a lower BMI. BMI is misleading in athletes with a large muscle mass, in older people with lost muscle mass…

…within about 1 hour (a liquid preparation) or 2 hours (tablets). With very large quantities of an extremely toxic preparation, lavage can be discussed later…

…incoming products and contact with the blood bank. 3. Secure large bore access, or rapid central access, but do not delay transfusion or control of…

…turned has not finished being titrated. Expect an opioid naive adult to need 5–15 mg of morphine in total. If more than that is…

…kg intravenously in symptomatic salicylate poisoning. For an adult this corresponds to the order of 100–200 mL of the 50 mg/mL solution. 6…

…particularly in older adults. Consequently, an adult with bridging and a substantial proximal atherosclerotic burden should be considered and treated in the same broad category…

…dividing the plane into 12 segments, each subtending 30 degrees [3]. The amplitude of the waveform recorded in any given lead correlates directly with the…

…established drug interaction. The half life of adenosine is 8 seconds. Adverse effects are therefore very brief. Indications Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), which includes forms…

…Palpitations, syncope or cardiac arrest–particularly during physical activity–in a young adult with T wave inversions in V1–V4, or other ECG changes (see…

…et al. Epidemiology and outcome of adult out of hospital cardiac arrest of non cardiac origin in Osaka: a population based study. BMJ Open 2014…

…side Distended jugular veins Management Decompression using a venous cannula Can be executed in a pre hospital setting. A large venous cannula, preferably ≥7 cm…

…et al. Epidemiology and outcome of adult out of hospital cardiac arrest of non cardiac origin in Osaka: a population based study. BMJ Open 2014…

…coma. As above but with lower temperatures. Electrolyte replacement. Large infusions of fluids are typically needed. Table 1. Grading of hyperthermia. Body temperature should decrease…

…a tamponade, chest compressions have limited efficacy. Furthermore, administering large tidal volumes might inadvertently elevate intrathoracic pressures, additionally compromising venous return. Draining the pericardium, therefore…

…and medical therapies. Adults with congenital heart disease are mostly managed in GUCH clinics (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease). Prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD…

…consideration of other cardiovascular risk factors and coexisting conditions. Therapy must be tailored to each patient. Optimal blood pressure Optimal blood pressure is 115 mm…

…Calculate the mean QT interval for each lead and use the longest QT interval obtained. Large U waves that are fused with the T wave…

Akutsjukvård Psykiatri Lathundar Delirium in older adults: quick reference A quick reference for ward and on call physicians: recognise hypoactive delirium, stabilise the patient, work…

…thresholds are intrinsically arbitrary. A fit 75 year old may be able to follow a treatment strategy used in younger adults, whereas a markedly frail…

Referensvärden The normal values below apply to adults in sinus rhythm, recorded at a paper speed of 50 mm/s with 1 mV = 10…

Info [calc_vernakalant] Indications for vernakalant Vernakalant (Brinavess) is indicated in adults for chemical conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Vernakalant is…

CPR Poisoning and drug toxicity In adolescents and young adults, intoxication events leading to cardiac arrest are notably prevalent, primarily due to the misuse of…

Neurologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar Definition and aims of treatment Convulsive status epilepticus in adults is present with: an ongoing generalised tonic clonic seizure lasting at least…

…pulmonic) regurgitation Pulmonary regurgitation is also called pulmonic regurgitation . The majority of all adults exhibit a small pulmonary regurgitation, which is considered a normal finding…

Infektionssjukdomar Akutsjukvård Lathundar Purpose and scope A quick reference for the doctor on call faced with suspected sepsis in adults: rapid recognition, microbiological sampling, empirical…

…age, while its clinical expression and management become progressively more complex. Older adults, often defined in cardiovascular practice as those older than 75 years, are…

…by the left ventricle. This explains why leads V4–V6 normally displays large R waves in adults (refer to The Normal ECG). The fetal circulation…

…by the left ventricle. This explains why leads V4–V6 normally displays large R waves in adults (refer to The Normal ECG). The fetal circulation…