…sparingly Prepatellar and olecranon bursitis The bursa Exclude septic bursitis first Injection is considered when 4–6 weeks of adequate conservative treatment — modification of loading…

…margin must be included in the freeze. Contraindications Absolute: Suspected melanoma or any other pigmented lesion of uncertain diagnosis. A lesion in which histology is…

…conceal sarcopenia), in oedema and ascites, and in people under 18 years of age, where iso BMI or percentile charts should be used. Waist circumference…

…Method of interpretation Heart rate Heart rhythm The P wave The PR interval The QRS complex The ST segment The T wave The U wave…

…Maximum dose: 21 mg/h iv. Common therapeutic dose: 4 6 mg/h. Clevidipine is administered in lipid emulsion (containing soy, egg), of which the…

…Maximum dose: 21 mg/h iv. Common therapeutic dose: 4 6 mg/h. Clevidipine is administered in lipid emulsion (containing soy, egg), of which the…

…15) 9–27 (17) 10–26 (17) 7–23 (15) 4 – 21 S wave in V6 (mm) 0.2–10 (4) 0.2–10 (3…

…Maximum dose: 21 mg/h iv. Common therapeutic dose: 4 6 mg/h. Clevidipine is administered in lipid emulsion (containing soy, egg), of which the…

…15) 9–27 (17) 10–26 (17) 7–23 (15) 4 – 21 S wave in V6 (mm) 0.2–10 (4) 0.2–10 (3…

…somewhere that makes incision in the emergency department the wrong move — in the hand, in the medial triangle of the face or perianally. Indications Fluctuant…

…applies where you work. They assume normal renal and hepatic function, a non pregnant adult of normal weight, and individual assessment. See the separate quick…

Procedurer What determines the outcome of an emergency intubation is rarely the laryngoscopy itself but what was done before it: how well the patient was…

…stream of aqueous humour breaking through the green film means perforation — stop everything else . 8. Tonometry if acute glaucoma is suspected (normal 10–21 mmHg…

…L) — choose the subcutaneous route if possible, otherwise give IM with a fine needle and 5 minutes of compression. Anticoagulant treatment is not in itself…

…of the patient's breathing pattern. The first choice where there is a risk of hypercapnia High flow nasal cannula 20–60 L/min 21…

…sample. Indications Diagnostic paracentesis: Newly detected ascites — always. Every admission of a patient with known ascites. Clinical deterioration in a cirrhotic patient with ascites: fever…

…pressure Marked respiratory variation in mitral and tricuspid inflow The echocardiographic counterpart of pulsus paradoxus Contraindications In overt tamponade with shock there are no absolute…

Procedurer Almost all the complications of pleural aspiration arise from two errors: the needle is placed in the wrong site, and too much is drained…

…LINEAR METHOD Endocardial fractional shortening, % 27–45 22–26 17–21 <16 25–43 20–24 15–19 <14 Midwall fractional shortening, % 15–23 13…

…In a population of individuals unable or unwilling to take statins, bempedoic acid 180 mg daily produced approximately 21% reductions in both LDL C and…

…potentially around 21 kg/m², may represent a more favorable profile, as the upper limit of the "healthy" range can still harbor significant metabolic risk…

…2.7 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.8 2.1 Table 1. Survival in out of hospital cardiac arrest due to external causes (…

…dysfunction) Irreversible restrictive filling (grade 4 dysfunction) E/A ratio 1–2 1–2 <1 1–1.5 (not reversed with Valsalva maneuver) 1.5…

…condition and should be managed urgently. The risk of cardiogenic shock is high and pharmacological interventions are often futile. A transcutaneous pacemaker is often necessary…

…area according to the continuity equation (cm²) ≤ 1 cm² ZTime velocity integral of the tricuspid inflow (cm) 60 cm Pressure half time (T ½,ms…

…7–2.5 2.6–2.8 2.9–3.1 3.2 1.7–2.5 2.6–2.8 2.9–3.1…

…back to the right atrium and venous system, resulting in dilation of vena cava inferior ( 2.1 cm). Severe tricuspid regurgitation may lead to systolic…

…indexed Aortic annulus 20 31 mm 12 14 mm/m2 Sinuses of Valsalva 29 45 mm 15 20 mm/m2 Sinotubular junction 22 36 mm…

…or a very strong clinical suspicion. 3. Give intravenous calcium in the presence of hyperkalaemic ECG changes or arrhythmia. 4. Shift potassium into the cells…

…early diastolic early diastolic holodiastolic Quantification of regurgitant jet Mild regurgitation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Jet width / LVOT width < 0,25 0,25 0…

…of “ 100” for Qp/Qs is likely a typo; standard practice uses the ratio directly (e.g., 2:1, not 200%). Conclusion Echocardiographic calculation of…

…risk of stroke (Table 1). Interpretation of the CHA₂DS₂ VA score CHA₂DS₂ VA Score Risk Category Annual Stroke Risk (%) 0 Low 0.2 1 Low…

…mortality 30 days acute MI Probability of revascularization 0 1 1,2% 2,3% 1,2% 2 1,0% 2,1% 6,0% 3 1…

…area according to the continuity equation (cm²) ≤ 1 cm² ZTime velocity integral of the tricuspid inflow (cm) 60 cm Pressure half time (T ½,ms…

…or patients with diabetes [4]. Associated Findings: The sudden onset of symptoms coupled with diaphoresis should always raise concern for a cardiovascular cause [4]. 2…

…with a paper speed of 25 mm/s, which is standard in the US and many other countries, a 2:1 block will be difficult…